Intangiriro: Kuki amahame ya API ari ingenzi cyane ku mavali y'inganda?
Mu nganda zishobora guhura n’ingaruka zikomeye nka peteroli na gaze, imiti n’ingufu, umutekano n’ubwizerwe bw’ama-valve bishobora kugira ingaruka zitaziguye ku ituze ry’uburyo bwo gukora. Amabwiriza yashyizweho na API (American Petroleum Institute) ni yo akoreshwa mu buhanga mu ma-valve yo mu nganda hirya no hino ku isi. Muri yo, API 607 na API 608 ni byo bisobanuro by’ingenzi bikunze kuvugwa n’abahanga n’abaguzi.
Iyi nkuru izasesengura byimbitse itandukaniro, ikoreshwa ry’ibi bipimo n’ingingo z’uko ibi bipimo byombi byubahirizwa.
Igice cya 1: Gusobanura byimbitse ibipimo ngenderwaho bya API 607
1.1 Ibisobanuro bisanzwe n'intego nyamukuru
API 607 "Ibisobanuro by'igerageza ry'inkongi ku mvange 1/4 z'izunguruka n'iz'intebe zidafite icyuma" byibanda ku kugenzura imikorere y'imvange mu gihe cy'inkongi. Icyegeranyo cya 7 giheruka cyongera ubushyuhe bw'igerageza kuva kuri 1400°F (760°C) kugeza kuri 1500°F (816°C) kugira ngo byigane imiterere y'inkongi ikomeye kurushaho.
1.2 Ibisobanuro birambuye ku bipimo by'ingenzi by'ibizamini
- Igihe cy'umuriro: iminota 30 yo gushya buri gihe + iminota 15 yo gukonjesha
- Igipimo cy'igipimo cyo gusohoka: Igipimo ntarengwa cyemewe cyo gusohoka ntikirenga igipimo cya ISO 5208 A
- Uburyo bwo gupima: Isuzuma ry'umwuka utwika (methane/gaze karemano) n'amazi bivanze
- Imiterere y'umuvuduko: Isuzuma rihoraho rya 80% by'umuvuduko upimwe
Igice cya 2: Isesengura rya tekiniki ry'ibipimo ngenderwaho bya API 608
2.1 Aho ishyirwa n'aho ikoreshwa riherereye n'uburyo ikoreshwa
API 608 "Valve z'icyuma zifite impera z'urukiramende, impera z'imigozi n'impera zo gusudira" igena ibisabwa mu rwego rwa tekiniki mu gikorwa cyose kuva ku gishushanyo kugeza ku gukora valve z'imigozi, zigizwe n'ingano ya DN8 ~ DN600 (NPS 1/4 ~ 24), n'urwego rw'umuvuduko wa ASME CL150 kugeza kuri 2500LB.
2.2 Ibisabwa by'ingenzi mu gushushanya
- Imiterere y'umubiri wa valve: Ibisobanuro by'uburyo bwo gukata igice kimwe/igice kimwe
- Sisitemu yo gufunga: ibisabwa kugira ngo habeho imikorere ya double block na bleeding (DBB)
- Umuvuduko w'imikorere: imbaraga ntarengwa zo gukoresha ntizirenze 360N·m
2.3 Ibintu by'ingenzi by'ikizamini
- Ikizamini cy'imbaraga z'igikonoshwa: igitutu cyikubye inshuro 1.5 mu minota 3
- Ikizamini cyo gufunga: Ikizamini cy'umuvuduko inshuro 1.1 cy'icyitegererezo cy'impande zombi
- Igihe cy'urugendo: nibura igenzura ryuzuye ry'ibikorwa byo gufungura no gusoza ibikorwa 3.000
Igice cya 3: Itandukaniro ritanu ry'ingenzi riri hagati ya API 607 na API 608
| Ibipimo byo kugereranya | API 607 | API 608 |
| Imyanya isanzwe | Icyemezo cy'imikorere y'inkongi y'umuriro | Imiterere y'ibicuruzwa n'ibipimo by'inganda |
| Icyiciro gikurikizwa | Icyiciro cyo kwemeza ibicuruzwa | Uburyo bwose bwo gushushanya no gukora |
| Uburyo bwo gupima | Igereranya ry'inkongi y'umuriro isenya | Ikizamini gisanzwe cy'umuvuduko/imikorere |
Igice cya 4: Icyemezo cyo guhitamo ubwubatsi
4.1 Guhuza ibintu bigomba gukorwa ku bidukikije bishobora guteza akaga gakomeye
Ku mbuga zo mu mazi, aho LNG ikorera n'ahandi, ni byiza guhitamo:
API 608 ball valve + API 607 icyemezo cyo kurinda inkongi + icyemezo cy'urwego rw'umutekano wa SIL
4.2 Igisubizo cyo kunoza ibiciro
Ku bijyanye n'imikorere isanzwe, ushobora guhitamo:
Valve isanzwe ya API 608 + uburinzi bw'umuriro bwo mu gace runaka (nk'igitambaro kidapfa umuriro)
4.3 Umuburo ku bibazo bikunze kugaragara mu guhitamo
- Kwibeshya ko API 608 irimo ibisabwa mu kurinda inkongi z'umuriro
- Gupima API 607 n'ibizamini bisanzwe byo gufunga
- Kwirengagiza igenzura ry’impamyabumenyi mu ruganda (ibisabwa na sisitemu ya API Q1)
Igice cya 5: Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa (Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa)
Q1: Ese valve ya API 608 yujuje ibisabwa na API 607 mu buryo bwikora?
A: Si ukuri rwose. Nubwo valve za API 608 zishobora gukoreshwa mu kwemeza API 607, zigomba gupimwa ukwazo.
Ikibazo cya 2: Ese valve ishobora gukomeza gukoreshwa nyuma yo gupimwa umuriro?
A: Ntibyemewe. Utwuma nyuma yo gupimwa akenshi tuba twangiritse ku buryo tugomba gukurwaho.
Q3: Ni gute amahame yombi agira ingaruka ku giciro cy'amavali?
A: Kwemeza API 607 byongera ikiguzi ho 30-50%, naho kubahiriza API 608 bigira ingaruka kuri 15-20%.
Umwanzuro:
• API 607 ni ingenzi mu gupima umuriro w'udupira tw'ibinyugunyugu n'udupira tw'umupira.
• API 608 igenzura imiterere n'imikorere y'ibyuma by'intebe n'iby'intebe zoroshye bikoreshwa mu nganda.
• Niba umutekano w'inkongi ari wo w'ingenzi, ni ngombwa gushyiraho valves zikurikiza amahame ya API 607.
• Ku bijyanye n'imirimo rusange no gukoresha valve y'umupira ifite umuvuduko mwinshi, API 608 ni yo ngenderwaho ikwiye.