Impamvu zitera kumanuka kw'ingufu z'ibinyugunyugu n'ibisubizo bihuye nabyo

Utwuma tw’ibinyugunyugu dukoreshwa cyane mu nganda nko gutunganya amazi, peteroli na gaze, HVAC, no gutunganya imiti bitewe n’imiterere yabyo ntoya n’amazi meza agenda neza ndetse no kugenzura ku giciro gito.

Ariko, kimwe mu bibazo bikunze kugaragara kurivalve z'ibinyugunyuguni ukuva kw'amazi. Gusohoka kw'amazi bishobora kubaho imbere (binyuze mu ntebe ya valve) cyangwa hanze (hafi y'inkingi ya valve cyangwa igice cy'umubiri wa valve). Gusohoka kw'amazi bishobora kuba bito cyangwa binini, bigatera kugabanuka k'imikorere ya sisitemu, cyangwa ingaruka zikomeye ku mutekano, ibibazo by'ibidukikije, cyangwa igihe gihenze cyo kudakora.
Kubwibyo, gusobanukirwa impamvu nyamukuru z’uku gusohora kw’amazi no gushyira mu bikorwa ibisubizo bifatika ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo valve ikore neza.

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Ubwoko bw'imvange y'ibinyugunyugu ivamo

Mbere yo kwibanda ku mpamvu n'ibisubizo, reka tubanze dushyire mu byiciro amazi akunze kugaragara mu miyoboro y'ibinyugunyugu:
a. Gutemba kw'imbere: Amazi anyura muri valve iyo ari mu mwanya ufunze, bigaragaza ko intebe ya valve cyangwa disiki idashobora gukora umupfundikizo ukomeye.
b. Gusohoka kw'inyuma: Amazi asohoka mu gice cy'inyuma cy'imvange, akenshi hafi y'umugongo w'imvange, aho ipfunyika cyangwa aho ihurira, bigatuma ifunga rihagarara.

Ubwoko bwombi bw'amazi ashobora guterwa n'igishushanyo mbonera, imitangire, imikorere, cyangwa ibintu bijyanye no kubungabunga.
Hasi, turasuzuma impamvu nyamukuru n'ibisubizo bihuye nabyo kuri buri bwoko bw'amazi ava.

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1. Ibimenyetso byashaje cyangwa byangiritse

Impamvu ikunze gutuma imbere hasohoka amazi ni ukwangirika kw'ibice bifunga valve (nk'imigozi irabagirana cyangwa intebe z'icyuma).

1.1 Impamvu

- Kwangirika kw'ibintu: Guhura n'ibintu byangiza, ubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa imirasire ya ultraviolet igihe kirekire bishobora gutuma ibifunga bikomera, bigacika cyangwa bigatakaza ubushobozi bwo guhagarara.

- Ibikoresho bihumanya: Amazi arimo umucanga, amabuye cyangwa utundi duce azangiza imyenge uko igihe kigenda gihita.

- Gusaza: Nubwo ibintu bidasaba imbaraga nyinshi, imisemburo izagenda irushaho kwangirika uko igihe kigenda gihita, bigatuma ubushobozi bwayo bwo gushyiramo disiki ya valve bugabanuka. Ibi ni ubusaza karemano budashobora kwirindwa.

- Umuvuduko ukabije: Umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi, umwuka n'ibindi bikoresho byatoranijwe ni munini cyane, kandi disiki ya valve ishyira igitutu kinini ku ntebe ya valve iyo ifunze, bigatuma intebe ya valve ihinduka cyangwa igacika. Ndetse no iyo ikoreshejwe n'intoki, gukoresha umuvuduko ukabije ku mashini nini z'ibinyugunyugu bishobora kwangiza cyangwa kwangiza intebe ya valve.

1.2 Ibisubizo

- Guhitamo ibikoresho: Hitamo ibikoresho byo gufunga bihuye n'amazi n'imiterere y'imikorere. Urugero, koresha PTFE mu kurwanya imiti, EPDM mu gukoresha amazi, na Viton mu gukoresha amavuta.
- Gusana buri gihe: Shyiraho gahunda yo kubungabunga kugira ngo harebwe kandi hakorwe isuzuma ry’ibipfukamunwa mbere yuko binanirana. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane cyane mu bidukikije bikomeye.
- Gukingira: Mu gukoresha uburyo bwo gupfuka, tekereza gukoresha valve zifite intebe zipfuka cyangwa zikomeye kugira ngo wongere igihe cyo kuzifunga.
- Kunoza uburyo bwo gukoresha amashanyarazi: Dukurikije amakuru y’uburyo amashanyarazi yatanzwe n’uwakoze amashanyarazi, hitamo uburyo bwo gukoresha amashanyarazi bufite amashanyarazi akwiye, cyangwa hitamo uburyo bwo gukoresha amashanyarazi bufite uburinzi bukwiye. Byongeye kandi, mu gihe ukoresha intoki, imbaraga zirenze urugero zigomba kwirindwa. Zfa isaba ko niba utazi neza, ushobora gukoresha uburyo bwo gukoresha icyuma gifata cyangwa icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi gifite ubushobozi bwo gukoresha amashanyarazi ahagije.
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2. Gushyiraho nabi

Gusohoka kw'amazi akenshi guterwa n'amakosa mu gihe cyo gushyiraho valve, bigira ingaruka ku byuma bifunga imbere n'inyuma.

2.1 Impamvu

- Kutagena neza: Iyo valve idahuye neza n'umuyoboro, disiki ishobora kuticara neza, bigatuma imbere hameneka.
- Umuvuduko udahagije: Kudakomeza gufunga neza imigozi y'urukiramende bishobora gutuma habaho gusohoka kw'inyuma ku murongo w'imiyoboro ya valve.
- Gufunga cyane: Umuvuduko mwinshi w'amashanyarazi ushobora gutuma igice cy'umubiri cyangwa icyicaro gihinduka, ibyo bikaba byabuza disiki gufunga neza no kuva imyotsi imbere.

2.2 Igisubizo

- Kugenzura aho ibintu bihurira: Mu gihe cyo gushyiraho, koresha igikoresho cyo guhuza kugira ngo urebe neza ko valve iri hagati mu muyoboro. Ni ngombwa kandi kugenzura ko disiki igenda neza idahuye n'urukuta rw'umuyoboro.
- Ibisobanuro bya Torque: Kurikiza agaciro ka torque katanzwe n'uruganda ku ma bolts ya flange hanyuma ukoreshe torque isanzwe kugira ngo ugere ku gukanda gasket kimwe.
- Guhitamo gasket: Koresha gasket nziza kandi zikozwe mu buryo bwa elegitoroniki kandi zijyanye n'ibikoresho bya valve n'imiyoboro. Menya neza ko ingano ya gasket ikwiye kugira ngo wirinde gukanda cyane cyangwa icyuho.
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3. Kwivanga kwa disiki

Gusohoka kw'imbere mu cyuma bishobora kubaho iyo disiki idashobora gufunga neza bitewe n'ingaruka zigaragara ku muyoboro cyangwa flange biyikikije.

3.1 Impamvu

- Kutajyanye n'umurambararo w'umuyoboro: Niba indangamuntu y'umuyoboro ari nto cyane, disiki ishobora kugonga urukuta rw'umuyoboro igihe ifunze.
- Igishushanyo mbonera cy'urukiramende: Udupira tw'urukiramende tw'isura twazamuwe cyangwa ubuso bwo guhuza budakwiye bishobora kubangamira disiki kugenda.
- Guteranya imyanda: Ibintu bikomeye cyangwa ibipimo byirundanya imbere muri valve bishobora kubuza disiki kwicara neza.

3.2 Igisubizo

- Kugenzura imikorere: Mbere yo gushyiraho, menya neza ko umurambararo wa disiki ya valve uhuye n'umuyoboro w'amazi.
- Guhindura impuzandengo: Kurikiza amabwiriza nka ANSI cyangwa DIN kugira ngo ukoreshe impuzandengo zigororotse cyangwa gasket kugira ngo urebe ko disiki ifunguye.
- Imirimo yo gusukura: Sukura sisitemu mbere yo gukoresha valve kugira ngo ukureho imyanda, kandi ushyireho filters zo hejuru niba hari ibintu bikwemerera gukumira kwirundanya mu gihe kizaza.

4. Gupfunyika kw'ibiti byananiwe

Gusohoka kw'inyuma akenshi biba hafi y'umugozi w'ingufu, ibyo bikaba biterwa n'ibibazo byo gupakira cyangwa gufunga bibuza amazi gusohoka mu murongo w'ingufu.

4.1 Impamvu

- Kwangirika: Uko igihe kigenda gihita, ibikoresho byo gupakira nka PTFE cyangwa grafiti bizashira bitewe n'ingendo z'imitsi cyangwa igitutu.
- Ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe: Hashingiwe ku ihame ryo kwaguka no guhindagurika k'ubushyuhe, ihindagurika ryiyongera ry'ubushyuhe rishobora gutuma ipaki igabanuka, irekura, ndetse ikanacika.
- Guhindura nabi: Iyo agace gapfunyikamo gafunguye cyane, amazi ashobora kuva; iyo gapfunyitse cyane, bishobora kwangiza inkingi ya valve cyangwa bikabuza kugenda.

4.2 Igisubizo

- Kubungabunga ibipaki: Kugenzura buri gihe no gusimbuza ibikoresho byashaje byo gupakira.
- Ibipimo by'ubushyuhe: Hitamo ibikoresho byo gupakira bikwiranye n'ubushyuhe bwa sisitemu, nk'ibikoresho bya grafiti byoroshye gukoreshwa mu bushyuhe bwinshi.
- Gutunganya ingirabuzimafatizo: Shyira ingirabuzimafatizo ku muvuduko wagenwe n'uwakoze ingirabuzimafatizo, reba niba nta mazi asohoka nyuma yo kuyatunganya kandi wirinde gukanda cyane.

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5. Umuvuduko ukabije cyangwa ubushyuhe

Iyo imiterere y'imikorere irenze urugero rw'imiterere y'agasanduku k'amashanyarazi, hashobora kubaho gusohoka kw'amazi, bigatera ingaruka ku byuma by'imbere n'inyuma.

5.1 Impamvu

- Umuvuduko ukabije: Umuvuduko urenze urugero rw'agahu ushobora kwangiza intebe cyangwa disiki ya valve, bigatuma bidashoboka kuyifunga.
- Kwaguka k'ubushyuhe: Ubushyuhe bwinshi bushobora gutuma ibice byaguka mu buryo butangana, bigatera gusaza kw'ibifunga, koroha cyangwa se bigatera karuboni, ibyo bikaba byagira ingaruka ku buryo ubuso bw'ibifunga bushyirwamo, bigakura ibifunga cyangwa bigatera gusohoka kw'inyuma ku ngingo.
- Ubukonje bukabije: Mu gihe kiri munsi ya dogere -10, agapfunyika gashobora kwangirika no kwangirika, bigatera kuva.

5.2 Ibisubizo

- Ibipimo by'umuvuduko n'ubushyuhe bikwiye: Hitamo vali zifite igipimo cy'umuvuduko n'ubushyuhe birenga imiterere ntarengwa ya sisitemu kandi utekereze ku ngaruka z'umutekano.
- Kugabanya umuvuduko: Shyiramo valve cyangwa regulator yo kugabanya umuvuduko kugira ngo wirinde umuvuduko ukabije.
- Gushyushya/Gushyiramo ubushyuhe: Koresha amaboko y'ubushyuhe cyangwa uduce tw'ubushyuhe mu turere dukonje kugira ngo wirinde ubukonje.

5.3 Imbonerahamwe yo kugereranya ubushyuhe bw'ibikoresho

Hasi hari urwego rw'ubushyuhe n'ibipimo by'ibipfundikizo bihuye n'ibipfundikizo by'ibikoresho bitandukanye.

 

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6. Gutumura no kwangirika kw'ibice by'umubiri

6.1 Guca mu kanwa ni iki?

Guturika kw'amazi mu mazi biterwa no kugabanuka gutunguranye k'umuvuduko w'amazi ugana ku muvuduko w'amazi ku gice cy'umuvuduko w'amazi (nk'uko biri hagati y'ikibaho cy'ikinyugunyugu n'intebe y'umuvuduko w'amazi), bigatuma amazi ahinduka umwuka mu gace runaka kugira ngo habeho uduce tw'amazi. Iyo utu duce tw'amazi twimukiye mu gace gafite umuvuduko mwinshi w'amazi, duhita dusenyuka, bigatera imiraba ya shock waves na microjets, ibyo bigatuma isuri ikwirakwira no kwangirika k'ubuso bw'umuvuduko w'umuvuduko w'amazi, intebe y'umuvuduko w'amazi n'umubiri w'umuvuduko w'amazi.
Nubwo gupfuka no kwangirika ari ikibazo cy’imikorere y’icyuma, bishobora gutuma amazi ava mu buryo butaziguye mu kwangiza ubuso bufunga.

6.2 Kungenga ni iki?

Kwangirika guterwa n’ibinyabutabire cyangwa amashanyarazi ku buso bw’ikintu cy’ikinyugunyugu bitewe n’igihe kirekire gihuye n’ibintu byangiza (nk’aside, alkali, umunyu cyangwa umwuka ushyushye cyane), bigatera kwangirika k’ubuso bufunga ikinyugunyugu, inkingi ya kinyugunyugu, intebe ya kinyugunyugu cyangwa igice cy’ikinyugunyugu.

6.3 Impamvu

- Kugabanuka k'umuvuduko mwinshi: Guhinduka k'umuvuduko byihuse bizatera utubumbe duto, bizangiza disiki ya valve cyangwa intebe ya valve.
- Uburyo bwo kwangiza: Ubu buryo burimo aside, alkali, umunyu, nibindi, bigira ingaruka ku buso bw'icyuma, bigatuma ubuso bufunga n'umubiri w'agakingirizo bigenda bishonga buhoro buhoro cyangwa bigashonga bikagabanuka.
- Ibikoresho bigabanya ubushyuhe: Ibinyobwa bikururuka birimo uduce duto bizashira ku nkombe yo kuziba uko igihe kigenda gihita.

6.4 Ibisubizo

- Kugenzura ingano y'amazi anyuramo: Kumenya neza ingano ya valve kugira ngo ugabanye kugabanuka k'umuvuduko w'amazi kandi ukoreshe imibare y'amazi anyuramo (Cv) kugira ngo wuzuze ibisabwa na sisitemu.
- Kuvugurura ibikoresho: Hitamo ibikoresho birwanya ingese nk'ibyuma bitagira umugese cyangwa ibipfukamiro bikomeye byo gushyiramo disiki za valve n'intebe za valve.
- Igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu: Kugabanya umuvuduko w'amazi wongera umurambararo w'umuyoboro cyangwa kongeramo igikoresho kigabanya umuvuduko hejuru.

Imbonerahamwe y'agaciro ka CV 6.5

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7. Inenge mu nganda

Hari igihe amazi ava mu miterere y’uturemangingo ashobora kugaragara mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha cyangwa kuyapima bwa mbere.

7.1 Impamvu

- Ubusembwa bwo gucukura: Ubwinshi bw'imyenge cyangwa imitumba mu gice cy'imashini bishobora gutera gusohoka kw'inyuma.
- Ibibazo byo gufunga ubuso: Kudatunganya neza disiki cyangwa intebe bishobora gukumira gufunga neza, bigatera gusohoka imbere.
- Amakosa yo guteranya: Gushyiramo ibifunga nabi cyangwa kudashyira neza ibice mu gihe cyo gukora bishobora gutera amazi.

7.2 Ibisubizo

- Igenzura ry'ubuziranenge: Gura ku nganda zizwi zifite ibyemezo nka ISO 9001, hanyuma usabe raporo y'isuzuma ry'umuvuduko (urugero, nk'uko API 598 ibiteganya) kugira ngo urebe niba amazi adasohoka.
- Isuzuma mbere yo gushyiraho: Kora ibizamini byo kuva amazi cyangwa umwuka mbere yo gushyiraho kugira ngo umenye inenge, hanyuma usubize ibikoresho bifite inenge ku mucuruzi.
- Ibirego bya garanti: Menya neza ko valve ifite garanti ikubiyemo inenge zo mu nganda kugira ngo ibashe gusimburwa niba amazi yagaragaye hakiri kare.

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8. Umwanzuro

Valve y'ikinyugunyuguGukemura ibi bibazo bisaba guhitamo valve ikwiye, kuyishyiraho witonze, kuyisana buri gihe, no kunoza sisitemu. Mu guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiranye n'ikoreshwa, gukurikiza amabwiriza yo kuyishyiraho no kugenzura imikorere yayo, abakoresha bashobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byo gutakaza amazi.
Ingufu z'ikinyugunyugu zisohokaIbibazo bishobora guterwa n'ibintu bitandukanye, kandi hakenewe ibisubizo bitandukanye ku moko atandukanye y'imyanda. Byaba ari imyanda y'imbere cyangwa imyanda yo hanze, akenshi bishobora guterwa n'udupfundikizo twashaje, amakosa yo gushyiraho, ikibazo cyo gufunga disiki ya valve, ibibazo byo gupakira inkingi za valve, umuvuduko/ubushyuhe bwinshi, inenge mu nganda cyangwa ingese. Ingaruka zo gusohoka kwa valves z'ibinyugunyugu zishobora kugabanuka neza binyuze mu guhitamo neza, gushyiraho neza, kubungabunga buri gihe no gukora neza. Ku bijyanye n'ikoreshwa ry'ingenzi, abakora valves cyangwa abahanga mu by'ikoranabuhanga bashobora kurushaho kwemeza ko imikorere yabo idapfa gusohoka no kunoza umutekano wa sisitemu n'imikorere myiza.