1. Ibisobanuro bigufi
Birazwi neza kovalve z'ibinyugunyuguZikora neza cyane, zifite imiterere mito kandi zihendutse, bityo zikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zitandukanye. Ariko, kimwe n'ibindi bice by'imashini, valves z'ibinyugunyugu nazo zishobora kwangirika. Gutsindwa bigabanyijemo ibice bibiri: ubukana bw'imashini zivukana n'izivukana. Ubusembwa bw'imashini zivukana muri rusange buvuga inenge zo mu nganda, nko gukomera kutaringaniye cyangwa kwangirika mu ntebe y'imashini. Ubusembwa bw'imashini zivukana akenshi buturuka ku bibazo bitandukanye bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere. Gutoboka akenshi biterwa n'udupfundikizo twashaje, gushyiraho nabi cyangwa kwangirika kwa mashini. Kwangirika no kwangirika bishobora kwangiza ibice by'imashini, bigatera kwangirika. Gufunga bidahagije bitewe no kudahuza neza kw'ibikoresho cyangwa ibibazo bya actuator bishobora kongera ibibazo by'imikorere. Kubwibyo, gusobanukirwa ibibazo bishobora kubaho bya valves z'ibinyugunyugu no kwemeza ko valves z'ibinyugunyugu zikora neza binyuze mu gushyiraho neza, kubungabunga buri gihe no gusana ku gihe ni ngombwa.
2. Ibibazo bikunze kugaragara ku miyoboro y'ibinyugunyugu
Ku bijyanye n'ubusembwa bw'ingufu z'ibinyugunyugu mu mikorere y'uturemangingo tw'ibinyugunyugu, zfauruganda rw'ibinyabutabireYakoze impinduka, ivugurura kandi yirinda imiterere, ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora no gukoresha ibikoresho nyuma y’imyaka 18 y’ubushakashatsi budacogora. Kandi buri mvange y’ibinyugunyugu izageragezwa mbere yo kuva mu ruganda, kandi ibicuruzwa bidafite ishingiro ntibizava mu ruganda.
Gukoresha ibikoresho bitajyanye n'amazi cyangwa gazi runaka biri gukorwaho bishobora gutuma ibice bya valve byangirika vuba. Byongeye kandi, kwangirika kwa mashini, nko gukubita, kwiyongera k'umuvuduko w'amazi cyangwa isuri, bishobora kwangiza ibice by'imbere bya valve, bikongera ibibazo byo kuva amazi.
Amaherezo, inenge mu nganda nko gukora amakosa yo gucukura cyangwa gukora nabi bishobora kwangiza imiterere y’icyuma gifunga. Izi nenge akenshi zitera ubuso butaringaniye cyangwa imiturire idahuye bigatuma hatabaho gufunga neza.
Ibi bikurikira ni impamvu n'ibisubizo by'inenge zabonetse.
2.1 Kuvunika kwa valve y'ikinyugunyugu
Gusohoka kwa valve y'ikinyugunyugu ni ikibazo gikunze kugaragara gishobora guhagarika imikorere, kikagabanya imikorere, kandi gishobora guteza akaga gake.
2.1.1 Impamvu zitera gusohoka kw'amazi
Hari ibintu byinshi bitera kuva kw'imvange y'ibinyugunyugu. Impuguke Huang yigeze kuvuga ati: "Izipfundikizo zangiritse, gushyiraho nabi no kudahuza n'ibikoresho ni byo bintu by'ingenzi bituma imvange y'ibinyugunyugu iva. Gukemura ibi bibazo hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rikwiye no guhitamo ibikoresho bishobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byo kuva kw'imvange."
*Izipfundikizo zangiritse
Uko igihe kigenda gihita, utubati tuzashira bitewe no gukururana, gukururana cyangwa ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ibi bizabangamira ubushobozi bwo gufunga bwa valve y'ikinyugunyugu.
*Gushyiraho nabi
Kutagena neza cyangwa gufunga neza bolt mu gihe cyo kuyishyiraho, imbaraga zitangana, nibindi bishobora gutuma ubuziranenge bwo kuyifunga bugabanuka. Gukoresha imashini zifunguye cyangwa zifunga nabi nabyo bishobora gutera igitutu kirenze urugero ku gipfundikizo, bishobora kwihutisha kwangirika kwacyo.
* Guhitamo ibikoresho nabi
Urugero, ahantu hashyushye hakwiye kuba haratoranyijwe LCC ariko hagakoreshwa WCB. Iki ni ikibazo, kandi si ikibazo. Ni ngombwa kugura valves ku nganda zifite inzira zikomeye zo kugenzura ubuziranenge. Kugira ngo wirinde ibibazo bijyanye n'inganda, cyangwa niba utazi neza imiterere ya valves z'ibinyugunyugu, reka iki kibazo ku ruganda rwabigize umwuga rwa valves z'ibinyugunyugu-ZFA kugira ngo bagufashe guhitamo. ZFA igenzura ko valve yujuje ibisabwa mu nganda, bityo ikagabanya ibyago byo kwangirika.
2.1.2 Igisubizo cy'Imvura Iva mu Mutwe
Gukemura ibibazo byo kuva amazi bisaba uburyo bwo kwirinda no gukosora.
* Gahunda zihoraho zo kubungabunga
Igenzura rigomba gusuzuma ibipfuko byashaje cyangwa ibice byangiritse hakiri kare kugira ngo bibashe gusimbuzwa ku gihe.
Gusukura valve no gukuraho imyanda nabyo bishobora gukumira kwangirika bitari ngombwa.
* Uburyo bwiza bwo gushyiraho
Gushyira neza valve no gufunga bolts hakurikijwe amabwiriza y'uwakoze bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kuva amazi.
Shyiramo imigozi mu mwenge wa flange wa valve y'ikinyugunyugu ndetse n'umuyoboro. Menya neza ko valve y'ikinyugunyugu ihuye neza n'umuyoboro. Hanyuma, komeza imigozi neza.
Uburyo bwo gushyiraho neza bushobora kongera uburyo bwo kwizera.
Ibisobanuro birambuye sura iyi nkuru:https://www.zfavalve.com/how-to-install-a-butterfly-valve/
* Ivugurura ry'imikorere
Kugenzura ko valve ikora mu rugero rw'umuvuduko wayo byagenwe bigabanya umuvuduko ku byuma bifunga n'ibindi bice.
2.2 Kwangirika kw'ibice by'imvange
Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi: "Ibintu nko kwangirika, ingese, isuri n'ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe rikabije bishobora kugabanya imikorere y'ibice by'ingenzi by'ingufu, bigatera gusohoka no kudakora neza."
Kwangirika kw'ibice by'imvange y'ikinyugunyugu ni ingaruka karemano yo gukoreshwa igihe kirekire kandi ni ngombwa kubyirinda. Ariko, gusobanukirwa impamvu hanyuma ugashyira mu bikorwa neza uburyo bwo kwirinda bishobora kugabanya cyane ingaruka z'iki kibazo no kongera igihe cyo gukora cy'imvange.
2.2.1 Impamvu zitera kwangirika
Hari ibintu byinshi bitera kwangirika kw'ibice by'urukiramende rw'ibinyugunyugu.
*Guhuzagurika
Gucikagurika ni imwe mu mpamvu nyamukuru. Gukomeza gukorana hagati ya disiki ya valve n'intebe ya valve mu gihe cyo gukora bituma ibintu bicikagurika, bigashira buhoro buhoro kandi bikangirika. Uku gucikagurika gutuma valve idashobora gukomeza gufunga neza.
Hari kandi isuri iterwa n'amazi yihuta cyane cyangwa uduce duto duto duca mu gice cy'imashini n'icyicaro cy'imashini. Utwo duce tuzagera imbere mu gice cy'imbere cy'imashini, dusaza buhoro buhoro kandi tugabanye ubushobozi bwabyo.
*Guturika kw'inkongi
Guhura n'ibintu bihumanya cyangwa ubushuhe mu kirere no hanze yacyo bitera kwangirika kw'ibice by'icyuma. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, iyi kwangirika bizatuma ubushobozi bwo gufunga valve bugabanuka kugeza igihe iva.
*Gushyiraho nabi
Kutagena neza imiterere y'imvange cyangwa imiterere idakwiye y'imvange byongera umuvuduko ku bice by'imvange kandi bigatera kwangirika gukabije.
*Amakosa mu mikorere
Gukoresha cyane cyangwa gukoresha valve irenga urugero rw'umuvuduko wayo nabyo bishobora kwangiza imburagihe.
*Ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe
Ihindagurika rikomeye kandi rikunze kubaho mu bushyuhe buringaniye mu gihe gito rishobora gutuma ibikoresho bikura kandi bigacika buhoro buhoro, ibyo bikaba byatera imitumba cyangwa umunaniro w’ibikoresho.
2.2.2 Ibisubizo by'imyenda isanzwe
*Vali nziza cyane ziturutse ku nganda zizewe
Mu by’ukuri, uturindantoki tw’ibinyugunyugu twiza cyane dushobora kugabanya kwangirika vuba. Kubera ko uturindantoki tw’ibinyugunyugu akenshi tuba dukozwe mu bikoresho biramba kandi dukora neza cyane, amahirwe yo kwangirika vuba aragabanuka.
*Igenzura rihoraho
Gusuzuma bigomba kwibanda ku kugaragaza ibimenyetso byo kwangirika hakiri kare, nko kugabanuka cyangwa kwangirika k'intebe y'imashini, kwangirika cyangwa guhinduka kw'ikibaho cy'imashini, n'ibindi. Gusimbuza ibice byashaje ku gihe bishobora gukumira kwangirika kurushaho.
*Gushyiraho neza
Gushyira neza valvu no kwita ku bintu nk'icyerekezo cy'amazi n'icyerekezo cy'umugongo wa valvu bishobora kugabanya umuvuduko utari ngombwa ku bice. Amabwiriza y'uwakoze valvu n'ayo gukoresha ashobora gukurikizwa.
2.3 Kwangirika kwa valve y'ikinyugunyugu
Ingese ni ikibazo gikomeye kibangamira imikorere n'ubuzima bw'udupira tw'ibinyugunyugu. Ingese igabanya intege z'ibice by'ingenzi kandi igatera kwangirika kw'imikorere y'uturemangingo.
2.3.1 Impamvu zitera ingese
Hari ibintu byinshi bishobora gutera ingese y'urukiramende rw'ibinyugunyugu.
*Guhura n'ibinyabutabire
Valve zikora ahantu hari imiti ihumanya (nk'aside cyangwa bases) zikunze guhura n'ihungabana ryihuse.
*Ibidukikije bitose
Guhura n'amazi cyangwa ubushuhe bwinshi igihe kirekire bishobora gutuma ibice by'icyuma bishonga, bigatera ingese. Ibi ni ikibazo cyane cyane mu mavali akozwe mu cyuma cya karuboni, kidafite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese nk'icyuma kidashonga cyangwa ibindi bikoresho.
*Isuru-ingese
Isuri yerekeza ku guhuza kwangirika kw'ibikoresho n'ibitero bya shimi, birushaho kongera ikibazo cyo kwangirika kw'udupira tw'ibinyugunyugu. Amavuta yihuta cyane cyangwa uduce duto tw'ibinyabutabire bishobora gukuraho umwambaro urinda igitambaro cy'agapira, bigashyira icyuma munsi yacyo ku gitambaro, bikongera kwihutisha kwangirika.
2.3.2 Ibisubizo bya corrosion
*Guhitamo ibikoresho
Niba ibidukikije byo hanze byangiritse, ibikoresho birwanya ingese (nk'icyuma kidashonga cyangwa alloys zidasanzwe) bigomba gutoranywa ku mubiri wa valve, igiti cya valve, na turbine. Ibi bituma valve ya butterfly iramba neza mu bidukikije bikomeye.
Muri icyo gihe, ku bijyanye n'imiti ihumanya, intebe za PTFE valve n'ibice bya PTFE-coated valves birashobora gukoreshwa. Ibi bitanga uburinzi bukenewe bwa chemical.
*Gusana buri munsi
Suzuma buri gihe kandi umenye ibimenyetso bya ingese hakiri kare, n'ibindi.
Sukura valve hanyuma ukureho imyanda cyangwa ibintu byose byirundanyije.
Gushyiramo irangi cyangwa imiti irinda kugira ngo habeho uruzitiro ku bintu byangiza bishobora kongera igihe cy'ubuzima bwa valve.
Uburyo bwiza bwo gushyiraho, butuma valve ifatana neza kandi ifatanye neza, bushobora kugabanya umuvuduko ku bice bimwe na bimwe by'ingenzi. Burinda ubushuhe n'imiti kwirunda mu myobo cyangwa mu cyuho.
Kugenzura umuvuduko ukabije w'amazi no kuyungurura uduce duto cyane bishobora gukumira ingese.
Byongeye kandi, kugura valve z'ibinyugunyugu ku nganda zizewe bitanga icyizere ko ibicuruzwa bifite ubudahangarwa bukomeye bwo kwangirika. Kubera ko bizubahiriza amahame agenga ubuziranenge, amahirwe yo kwangirika kw'izi nenge azagabanuka.
2.4 Inenge mu gukora valve z'ibinyugunyugu
Ubusembwa mu gukora valve z'ibinyugunyugu bushobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere yazo, ku bwizerwe no ku mutekano wazo.
2.4.1 Inenge zisanzwe
* Inenge zo gucukura
Inenge nk'imyobo y'umucanga, imiturire cyangwa ubuso butaringaniye bishobora kwangiza imiterere y'umucanga. Umucanga ushobora kwinjira mu mubiri w'umucanga unyuze mu myobo y'umucanga, mu gihe imiturire ishobora gutera amazi kuva.
* Ibice byatunganyijwe nabi,
Disiki za valve zidafite chamfered, ingano zidakwiye cyangwa ubuso bufunganye butaringaniye bishobora kubangamira ubushobozi bwa valve bwo kugumana closure ikomeye.
* Ibikoresho bidafite ishingiro
Gukoresha ibikoresho bitujuje ibisabwa mu gihe cyo gukora bishobora kugabanya kuramba kwa valve. Urugero, guhitamo ibikoresho bidashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe cyangwa imiterere ya shimi yo mu bidukikije bishobora gutera kwangirika cyangwa ingese imburagihe.
* Amakosa yo guteranya
Amakosa yo guteranya mu gihe cyo gukora ashobora gutuma ibice bihindagurika cyangwa imiyoboro igacika intege. Ayo makosa ashobora kutagira ingaruka zigaragara mu gihe gito. Ariko uko igihe kigenda gihita, azagabanya imikorere rusange ya valve.
2.4.2 Ibisubizo byo gukemura ibibazo
* Kugenzura ubuziranenge
Gukemura inenge mu nganda bisaba ingamba zikomeye zo kugenzura ubuziranenge zigomba gushyirwa mu bikorwa mu gihe cyo gukora. Abakora bagomba gukora igenzura ryimbitse kuri buri cyiciro cy'umusaruro, kuva ku guhitamo ibikoresho fatizo kugeza ku guteranya burundu. Uburyo bwo gupima budasenya nka metallography kugira ngo hamenyekane spheroidization, kumenya kole y'intebe ya valve, gupima umunaniro, nibindi. Ndetse no kumenya inenge z'imbere mu nganda nka porosity cyangwa snacks bya X-ray.
* Iyubahirizwa ry'amahame ngenderwaho
Kubahiriza amahame ngenderwaho y’inganda bitanga umusaruro uhoraho. Abakora bagomba gukurikiza amabwiriza yashyizweho yo guhitamo ibikoresho, kwihanganira uburyo bitunganywa, n’uburyo bwo guteranya. Kubahiriza aya mahame bigabanya amahirwe yo kugira inenge kandi bikongera ubwizigirwa bw’ingufu muri rusange.
* Imashini n'ikoranabuhanga bigezweho
Gushora imari mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu mashini no mu nganda bishobora kunoza imikorere no kugabanya amakosa. Urugero, imashini zigenzura imibare ya mudasobwa (CNC) zitanga ingano nyayo y'ibice, mu gihe sisitemu zo guteranya zikoresha ikoranabuhanga zigabanya amakosa y'abantu.
* Amahugurwa y'abakozi
Guhugura abakozi ku buryo bwiza bwo gukora ibintu bishobora kugabanya inenge. Abakozi b'abahanga bazi uburyo bwo gutunganya, guteranya no kugenzura ibintu bifasha mu kunoza ireme ry'umusaruro.
2.5 Gushyiraho nabi valve z'ibinyugunyugu
Gushyiraho nabi bishobora gutuma valve y'ibinyugunyugu inanirwa, bikagabanya imikorere myiza, kandi bigasubiza inyuma ikiguzi cyo kuyisana.
2.5.1 Amakosa asanzwe yo gushyiraho
* Kutagena neza
Iyo valve idahuye neza n'umuyoboro, hashyirwaho imbaraga zitaringaniye ku bice nka bolts. Ibi bigatuma habaho kwangirika imburagihe no kuva amazi.
Byongeye kandi, gufunga cyane amaboliti bishobora kwangiza gasket cyangwa guhindura imiterere y'agasanduku k'amashanyarazi, mu gihe gufunga cyane bishobora gutuma imiyoboro isohoka idakora neza.
* Nta genzura rya kabiri mbere yo gushyiraho.
Mbere yo gushyiraho, ni ngombwa kugenzura umuyoboro kugira ngo urebe niba nta myanda, umwanda cyangwa indi myanda ishobora kubuza imikorere ya valve.
2.5.2 Ibisubizo byo gushyiraho neza
* Igenzura mbere yo gushyiraho
Reba neza ko nta myanda iri ku muyoboro kandi urebe neza ko ubuso busukuye kugira ngo budafunga.
Reba neza niba hari ibyangiritse cyangwa inenge bigaragara kuri valve.
Kurikiza amabwiriza y'uwakoze imashini.
* Gushyiraho uburyo bwo guhuza
Kugenzura neza ko valve ijyanye neza n'umuyoboro bigabanya umuvuduko ku bice biyigize kandi bigabanya ibyago byo kuva amazi.
Gukoresha igikoresho cyo guhuza ibintu bishobora gufasha kugera ku mwanya ukwiye.
Shyiraho imbaraga zikwiye mu gihe cyo gufunga bolt kugira ngo wirinde gufunga cyane cyangwa kudafunga cyane.
2.6 Ibibazo by'imikorere
Ibibazo by’imikorere ya valves z’ibinyugunyugu akenshi bitera imikorere mibi no gucika intege vuba. Kubona impamvu nyamukuru no gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo gukosora ni bwo buryo bw’ibanze bwo gukomeza gukora neza no kongera igihe cyo gukora.
2.6.1 Impamvu z'ibibazo by'imikorere
Abakoresha bakoresha imbaraga nyinshi iyo bafungura cyangwa bafunga valve, ibyo bikaba byangiza ibice by'imbere. Gukoresha valve kenshi birenze urugero rw'imiterere yayo bishobora no kwihutisha kwangirika no kugabanya imikorere yayo.
2.6.2 Ibisubizo ku bibazo by'imikorere
Gukemura ibibazo by'imikorere bisaba amahugurwa ku bakoresha. Gutanga amahugurwa yuzuye bituma abakozi basobanukirwa imiterere y'ingufu n'uburyo bukwiye bwo kuzikoresha.
Ni ngombwa cyane ko imiterere y'imikorere igumana imipaka y'igishushanyo mbonera. Gukurikirana igitutu n'ubushyuhe bireba ko valve ikora uko byitezwe.
2.7 Kutagira gahunda ihoraho yo kubungabunga
2.7.1 Ingaruka zo Kudakora Ibikoresho Bikenewe
Kubungabunga buri gihe ni ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi kugira ngo ibyuma by'ibinyugunyugu bikore neza kandi birambe neza. Kwirengagiza iki gikorwa cy'ingenzi akenshi bitera imikorere mibi, ingaruka mbi ku mutekano, no gusana bihenze.
Kudakora isuku ku buryo buhoraho ku miyoboro y'ibinyugunyugu bishobora gutera ingaruka zitandukanye zitari nziza. Urugero, kwangirika kw'imiyoboro, imiyoboro ishobora kwangirika bitewe no gukururana, kwangirika ku binyabutabire bikomeye, cyangwa ubushyuhe bukabije. Iyo idasuzumwe ku gihe, iyi miyoboro yashaje ishobora gutuma habaho amazi.
Kurundanya imyanda ni indi ngaruka ikomeye. Umwanda, ingese, n'ibindi bihumanya bikunze kwirundanya imbere muri valve, bikabangamira ingendo za valve ndetse bigatuma ubushobozi bwayo bwo kuyifunga bugabanuka. Uku kurundanya kwihutisha kwangirika kw'ibice byayo.
2.7.2 Ibisubizo byo kubungabunga
* Igenzura risanzwe
Abakoresha bagomba kugenzura buri gihe ibimenyetso byo kwangirika, ingese, cyangwa imyanda yiyongera. Kumenya ibi bibazo hakiri kare bituma bisanwa cyangwa bisimburwa ku gihe, birinda ko byangirika kurushaho.
* Gusukura valve
Gukuraho umwanda, ingese, n'ibindi bihumanya bituma imikorere igenda neza kandi bigabanya ibyago byo kwangirika kw'ibice byabyo. Ku mashini zikora imiti ihumanya, gukoresha agakoresho ko kurinda cyangwa gukingira bishobora gutanga ubundi buryo bwo kurinda ingese.
* Gusiga amavuta neza
Gusiga amavuta neza ni ngombwa kugira ngo bigabanye gukururana no gutuma ibice bya valve bigenda neza. Gukoresha amavuta ajyanye nabyo birinda kwangirika bitari ngombwa kandi byongera igihe cyo kubaho kwa valve. Abakoresha bagomba guhitamo amavuta akwiye gukoreshwa mu buryo bwihariye.
2.8 Ikosa rya Actuator n'iry'inyuma
Kunanirwa kwa actuator na stem mu miyoboro y'ibinyugunyugu bishobora guhagarika imirimo no gutuma igihe cyo kuruhuka gitwara amafaranga menshi.
2.8.1 Impamvu zitera imikorere mibi y'imashini zikora ibintu (actuator) n'iy'inyuma (stem failure)
* Kutagira amavuta ahagije
Amasafuriya yishingikiriza ku mavuta akwiye kugira ngo agabanye kwangirika no kwangirika. Iyo hatabayeho amavuta ahagije, ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko bishobora kwiyongera, bigatera kwangirika vuba. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, amavuta adahagije ashobora no gutuma amasafuriya afata, bigatuma valve idakora.
* Kutagena neza
Kutagena neza igihe cyo gushyiraho cyangwa gukora bishobora gutera stress idahagije ku byuma bitera imbaraga n'ibice bitera imbaraga. Uku kutagena neza bishobora kwihutisha kwangirika no kugabanya imikorere myiza y'ingufu.
* Gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rirenze urugero
Gufunga no gufunga kenshi kwa valve birenze urugero bishobora gutuma inanirwa. Gufungura no gufunga kenshi bishobora kwangiza imikorere y'imbere n'ubwikorezi bw'icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi. Uku kugenda gusubirwamo, cyane cyane iyo hari umwuka mwinshi, byongera amahirwe yo kunanirwa gukorerwa ibyuma.
* Kwinjira mu buryo bw'umwanda
Umwanda, imyanda, cyangwa ubushuhe byinjira mu gice cy’imashini bishobora gutera ingese no kwangirika.
2.8.2 Ibisubizo ku bibazo by'imikorere y'icyuma gitera imbaraga n'ingufu z'amashanyarazi
* Gusiga amavuta buri gihe
Gukoresha ubwoko bukwiye bw'amavuta yo kwisiga nk'uko byasabwe n'uruganda bigabanya gukururana no kwirinda ubushyuhe bwinshi.
* Gushyira hamwe neza
Gushyira hamwe neza mu gihe cyo gushyiraho ni ingenzi cyane. Kugenzura ko valve na actuator bihagaze neza bigabanya umuvuduko utari ngombwa ku byuma bitera imbaraga.
* Kugabanya gukoresha ibintu byinshi cyane
Abakoresha bagomba kugenzura ikoreshwa rya valve kugira ngo birinde kurenza urugero rw'imiterere yayo. Ku bikorwa bisaba gutwara imodoka kenshi, guhitamo icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi cyagenewe gutwara imodoka nyinshi bituma habaho ubwizerwe.
Udupfundikizo dukikije icyuma gitera umwuka n'igiti bigomba kugenzurwa buri gihe. Genzura ko udupfundikizo dufasha kwirinda umwanda nk'umukungugu n'ubushuhe ari ingirakamaro. Gusukura icyuma n'ibigikikije bigabanya ibyago byo kwinjira mu myanda kandi bikanarinda cyane ibyuma bitera umwuka n'icyuma gitera umwuka.
2.9 Imyanda n'ubwinshi bw'ibintu bihumanya
Imyanda n'ibintu bihumanya byiyongera mu miyoboro y'ibinyugunyugu bishobora gutuma disiki ya valve idasubira aho yari iri, bikongera ikiguzi cyo kuyibungabunga, n'izindi ngaruka zishobora guterwa n'umutekano.
2.9.1 Impamvu zitera imyanda kwirundanya
*Isuku nke y'imiyoboro
Mu gihe cyo gushyiraho cyangwa kubungabunga, umwanda, ingese, n'ibindi bice by'umubiri bikunze kwinjira mu muyoboro. Ibi bihumanya amaherezo bijya mu muyoboro, bikabangamira kugenda kwawo no kugabanya ubushobozi bwo kuwufunga.
*Ibiranga amazi
Amavuta cyangwa amazi afite ubushyuhe bwinshi arimo ibintu bikomeye bishobora gusiga ibisigazwa ku buso bw'imbere bwa valve. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, ibi bisigazwa bishobora gukomera bigatera kuziba, bikabangamira imikorere ya valve. Urugero, uduce duto two mu mazi yo mu nganda dushobora kwangiza intebe ya valve, bigatuma imyanda ikomeza kwiyongera.
*Ingese n'isuri
Ubuso bw'icyuma bwangiritse bushobora gukora uduce twivanga n'amazi, bikongera ingano y'imyanda iri mu muyoboro w'amazi. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, isuri iterwa n'amazi yihuta cyane cyangwa ibintu bitera ubushyuhe ishobora kwangiza ibice by'imbere by'umuyoboro w'amazi, bigatuma habaho ubuso bugoye aho imyanda ishobora gutura.
*Imikorere idahwitse yo kubungabunga
Kwirengagiza isuku no kugenzura buri gihe bishobora gutuma umwanda n'ibindi bintu bihumanya byiyongera mu buryo butagenzurwa.
2.9.2 Ibisubizo byo kwirinda kwirundanya kw'imyanda
* Igenzura n'isukura buri gihe ry'imiyoboro n'amabati
Abakoresha bagomba kugenzura buri gihe niba hari ibiziba, ubusaza cyangwa ibyangiritse biterwa n’imyanda. Byongeye kandi, sisitemu igomba gusukurwa buri gihe kugira ngo ikureho umwanda, ingese n’ibindi bihumanya. Ku miyoboro ikoresha amazi arimo ibintu bikomeye bihagaze, gushyiraho ecran cyangwa filters hejuru y’imashini bishobora gufasha gufata imyanda mbere yuko igera kuri mashini.
* Guhitamo ibikoresho
Gukoresha ibikoresho birwanya ingese nk'icyuma kidashonga cyangwa alloys zidasanzwe zitwikiriwe bishobora kugabanya umusaruro w'ibice by'imbere. Ibi bikoresho kandi birwanya neza amazi akoreshwa mu gukurura, bikarinda isuri n'imyanda kwiyongera.
* Uburyo bukwiye bwo gushyiraho
Gusuzuma umuyoboro w'amazi n'imyanda mbere yo gushyiraho valve birinda imyanda kwinjira muri sisitemu. Gushyira valve neza no kuyifata neza bigabanya icyuho aho imyanda ishobora gutura.
3. Incamake
Kunanirwa kwa valve y'ibinyugunyugu n'ibisubizo byayo akenshi bituruka ku bibazo nko gusohoka kw'amazi, kwangirika, kwangirika no gushyirwaho nabi. Ingamba zo gukora neza zituma habaho imikorere myiza kandi zikagabanya ibibazo. Gusana buri gihe, gushyiraho neza no guhitamo ibikoresho bihuye ni ingenzi kugira ngo valve yongere igihe cyo kubaho. Kugisha inama umucuruzi w'inzobere mu gutanga valve y'ibinyugunyugu no gukurikiza amabwiriza bishobora kunoza uburyo bwo kwizera no kugabanya igihe cyo kudakora.