Mu rwego rwo kugenzura amazi mu nganda,ikinyugunyuguGira uruhare runini mugutunganya, kuyobora, no gutandukanya urujya n'uruza rw'amazi, imyuka, n'ibisumizi mu miyoboro. Ikinyugunyugu kinyugunyugu ni ubwoko bumwe bwubwoko bwihuza, bugaragaza flanges zuzuye kumpande zombi zumubiri wa valve, bigatuma habaho guhuza umutekano uhuza imiyoboro ya flanges.
Igihembwe cyo guhinduranya uburyo bwa aikinyugunyuguitandukanya numurongo ugaragara nkirembo cyangwa isi yose, itanga ibyiza mumuvuduko no gukora neza.
Iyi ngingo izacukumbura ibisobanuro birambuye byikinyugunyugu, bikubiyemo igishushanyo mbonera, ubwoko, ibikoresho, porogaramu, ibyiza nibibi, kwishyiriraho, kubungabunga, kugereranya nibindi byerekezo, hamwe nibizaza.
1. Ibisobanuro n'ihame ry'imikorere
Ikinyugunyugu kinyugunyugu ni fagitire ya dogere 90 yo kuzenguruka irangwa na disiki igenzura imigendekere y'amazi binyuze mukuzunguruka. Umubiri wa valve ugaragaza flanges kumpande zombi kugirango uhuze umurongo uhuza umuyoboro. Ibibabi by'ibinyugunyugu biranga flanges yazamuye cyangwa iringaniye ifite umwobo wa bolt, itanga umurongo uhamye kandi uhamye ukwiranye na porogaramu ntoya, iringaniye, hamwe n’umuvuduko mwinshi, kimwe na diametero ntoya, iringaniye, nini nini.
Ihame ryimikorere riroroshye kandi rifite akamaro. Umuyoboro ugizwe numubiri wa valve, disiki ya valve, stem valve, intebe ya valve, na actuator. Iyo ikiganza cyangwa ibikoresho bikozwe, cyangwa igiti cya valve kizengurutswe na moteri ikora, disiki ya valve izunguruka kuva kumwanya ugereranije ninzira itemba (ifunguye rwose) igana kuri perpendicular (ifunze byuzuye). Mumwanya ufunguye, disiki ya valve ihujwe numuyoboro wa axe, bigabanya kurwanya umuvuduko no gutakaza umuvuduko. Iyo ifunze, disiki ya valve ifunga intebe imbere yumubiri wa valve.
Ubu buryo butuma ibikorwa byihuta byihuta, mubisanzwe bisaba kuzenguruka dogere 90 gusa, bigatuma byihuta kuruta indangagaciro nyinshi. Ibinyugunyugu by'ibinyugunyugu birashobora gukemura ibyerekezo byombi kandi mubisanzwe bifite intebe zikomeye cyangwa ibyuma kugirango zifunge neza. Igishushanyo cyabo gikora cyane cyane kuri sisitemu isaba guhinduranya kenshi cyangwa aho umwanya ari muto.
2. Ibigize
Ibice by'ingenzi birimo:
- Umubiri: Amazu yo hanze, mubisanzwe yubatswe kabiri, atanga amasano yubatswe kandi amazu yimbere. Ibyuma bya karubone bikoreshwa mugukoresha muri rusange, ibyuma bitagira umwanda mukurwanya ruswa, nikel-aluminium bronze kubidukikije byo mu nyanja, hamwe nicyuma kivanze mubihe bikabije.
- Disiki ya Valve:Ikintu kizunguruka, kiboneka muburyo bworoshye cyangwa buringaniye, bugenzura imigendekere. Disiki irashobora kuba hagati cyangwa guhagarika kugirango yongere imikorere. Ibyuma bitagira umwanda, umuringa wa aluminium, cyangwa wasizwe na nylon kugirango birusheho kunanirwa kwambara.
- Uruti: Igiti gihuza disiki ya valve na actuator yohereza imbaraga zo kuzunguruka. Ibyuma bidafite ingese cyangwa imbaraga-nyinshi zivanze zihanganira umuriro.
Binyuze muri shaft cyangwa ibiti bibiri bikunze gukoreshwa, bifite kashe kugirango birinde kumeneka.
- Intebe: Ubuso bwa kashe bukozwe mubintu bya elastomeric nka EPDM cyangwa PTFE. EPDM (-20°F kugeza 250°F), BUNA-N (0°F kugeza 200°F), Viton (-10°F kugeza 400°F), cyangwa PTFE (-100°F kugeza 450°F) ikoreshwa kuri kashe yoroshye; ibikoresho byuma nkibyuma bidafite ingese cyangwa Inconel bikoreshwa mubushyuhe bwo hejuru.
- Umukoresha: Ikoreshwa nintoki (ikiganza, ibikoresho) cyangwa ikoreshwa (pneumatike, amashanyarazi).
- Gupakira hamwe na gaseke: Menya neza ko kashe yamenetse hagati yibigize no guhuza flange.
Ibi bice bikorana kugirango bitange imigenzereze yizewe.
3. Ubwoko bwikinyugunyugu cyahinduwe
Ikinyugunyugu kinyugunyugu gishobora gushyirwa muburyo bukurikira hashingiwe ku guhuza disiki, uburyo bwo gukora, n'ubwoko bw'umubiri.
3.1 Guhuza
- Kwibanda (zeru zeru): Igiti cya valve cyanyuze hagati ya disiki kandi kigaragaza intebe ikomeye. Iyi valve ikwiranye nubushakashatsi buke hamwe nubushyuhe bugera kuri 250°F.
- Kongera inshuro ebyiri: Igiti cya valve cyashizwe inyuma ya disiki no hanze, kugabanya kwambara intebe. Iyi valve ikwiranye nubushakashatsi buciriritse hamwe nubushyuhe bugera kuri 400°F.
- Inshuro eshatu: Kwiyongera kwicyicaro cyicyuma gikora icyuma-cyuma. Iyi valve ikwiranye numuvuduko mwinshi (kugeza mucyiciro cya 600) hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru (kugeza 1200°F) gusaba kandi byujuje ibisabwa zeru.
3.2 Uburyo bwo Gukora
Ubwoko bwibikorwa birimo intoki, pneumatike, amashanyarazi, na hydraulic kugirango byuzuze ibisabwa bitandukanye.
4. Inganda zikoreshwa
Ikinyugunyugu kinyugunyugu gikoreshwa cyane mumirenge ikurikira:
- Gutunganya Amazi n’imyanda: Byakoreshejwe mugutunganya imigezi mubihingwa bitunganya na sisitemu yo gutandukana. - Gutunganya imiti: Gukoresha acide, alkalis, hamwe na solve bisaba ibikoresho birwanya ruswa.
- Amavuta na gazi: Kuvoma peteroli, gaze gasanzwe, no gutunganya.
- Sisitemu ya HVAC: Igenzura imyuka n’amazi mu miyoboro yo gushyushya no gukonjesha.
- Amashanyarazi: Gucunga ibyuka, amazi akonje, na lisansi.
- Ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa: Igishushanyo cy'isuku yo gutunganya amazi ya aseptic.
- Imiti: Igenzura neza mubidukikije.
- Marine & Pulp & Impapuro: Byakoreshejwe mumazi yinyanja, pulp, hamwe no gutunganya imiti.
5. Ibyiza n'ibibi bya Flange Ikinyugunyugu
5.1 Ibyiza:
- Byoroheje kandi byoroshye, kugabanya ibiciro byo kwishyiriraho nibisabwa umwanya.
- Ibikorwa byihuse byigihembwe no gusubiza byihuse.
- Igiciro gito kuri diameter nini.
- Gutakaza umuvuduko muke iyo ufunguye, ukoresha ingufu kandi neza.
- Birakwiriye guhinduranya amazi hamwe nibikorwa byiza byo gufunga.
- Biroroshye kubungabunga no guhuza na sisitemu yo gukoresha.
5.2 Ibibi:
- Disiki ya valve ihagarika inzira itemba iyo ifunguye, bikaviramo gutakaza igitutu. - Ubushobozi buke bwo gutereta mubikorwa byumuvuduko mwinshi, birashobora gutera cavitation.
- Intebe yoroshye ya valve yambara vuba mubitangazamakuru byangiza.
- Gufunga byihuse birashobora gutera inyundo y'amazi.
- Ibishushanyo bimwe bisaba itangiriro ryambere, bisaba imbaraga zikomeye.
6. Nigute washyiraho ikinyugunyugu
Mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho, shyira kumurongo wa valve hamwe na pipe flange, urebe ko umwobo wa bolt uhuye.
Shyiramo gaze yo gufunga.
Umutekano hamwe na bolts hamwe nimbuto, gukomera neza kugirango wirinde kugoreka.
Imyanya ibiri ya flange isaba guhuza impande zombi icyarimwe; lug-ubwoko bwa valve irashobora guhindurwa kuruhande rumwe icyarimwe.
Reba ubwisanzure bwa disiki yo kugenda mukuzenguruka valve mbere yo gukanda.
Iyo ushyizwe mu buryo buhagaritse, uruti rwa valve rugomba guhagarikwa mu buryo butambitse kugirango birinde kwirundanya kwimyanda.
Buri gihe ukurikize umurongo ngenderwaho nu ruganda nka API 598.
7. Ibipimo ngenderwaho
Ikinyugunyugu kinyugunyuguigomba kubahiriza ibipimo by’umutekano n’imikoranire:
- Igishushanyo: API 609, EN 593, ASME B16.34. - Kwipimisha: API 598, EN 12266-1, ISO 5208.
- Flanges: ASME B16.5, DIN, JIS.
- Impamyabumenyi: CE, SIL3, API 607?(umutekano wumuriro).
8. Kugereranya nizindi ndangagaciro
Ugereranije n’irembo ry’irembo, ikinyugunyugu kinyugunyugu gikora vuba kandi gitanga ubushobozi bwo gutera akabariro, ariko ntigishobora kwihanganira gutemba.
Ugereranije numupira wumupira, bifite ubukungu cyane kuri diametero nini, ariko uhura nigitutu kinini mugihe cyo gufungura.
Umubumbe wisi utanga neza neza, ariko nini kandi ihenze.
Muri rusange, ikinyugunyugu cyiza cyane mugihe cyagabanijwe kandi gikoresha ikiguzi.