Utumashini tw’ibinyugunyugu dukoreshwa mu gutangiza, guhagarika cyangwa kugenzura urujya n’uruza rw’amazi cyangwa imyuka mu miyoboro. Izina ryatwo rituruka ku gasanduku kameze nk’amababa gazunguruka mu mubiri w’utumashini, gisa n’ingendo z’utumashini tw’ibinyugunyugu. Mu moko atandukanye y’utumashini tw’ibinyugunyugu, utumashini tw’ibinyugunyugu dufite ubushobozi bwo hejuru (HPBV) n’utumashini tw’ibinyugunyugu twinshi ni byo bikunze kugaragara. Iri gereranya rizagaragaza itandukaniro riri hagati y’ibyo byombi mu buryo butandukanye kugira ngo risobanure neza inshingano zabyo mu nganda no mu mirenge.
| Ikiranga | Valve y'ikinyugunyugu ikora ku buryo burambuye | Valve y'ikinyugunyugu ikora neza cyane |
| Igishushanyo | Igiti cyo hagati n'ikirenge | Igiti gifatanye n'intebe y'icyuma |
| Uburyo bwo gufunga | Intebe yoroshye ya elastomeric | Intebe ya RPTFE |
| Igipimo cy'umuvuduko | Kugeza kuri 250 PSI | Kugeza kuri 600 PSI |
| Igipimo cy'ubushyuhe | Kugeza kuri 180°C (356°F) | Kugeza kuri 260°C (536°F) |
| Kwambara no Gutabura | Hejuru bitewe n'uko intebe ikora ku giti cyayo | Hasi bitewe n'imiterere y'aho ibintu biherereye |
| Gukwiranye n'ikoreshwa ry'iyi porogaramu | Ibinyobwa bifite umuvuduko muke | Amazi afite umuvuduko uringaniye kandi afite ubushyuhe bwinshi |
| Ikiguzi | Hasi | Hejuru |
1. Igishushanyo mbonera n'ubwubatsi
Itandukaniro ry'ingenzi riri hagati y'udupira tw'ibinyugunyugu twinjira mu buryo butangaje n'udupira tw'ibinyugunyugu twinjira mu buryo butangaje riri mu miterere yatwo, cyane cyane aho igiti cy'agapira n'agapira k'agapira biherereye ugereranyije n'umubiri w'agapira n'ibikoresho byakoreshejwe.
1.1 Valves z'ibinyugunyugu zifatanye
Igishushanyo mbonera cy’aho giherereye kizwi nka "valve ya zero offset" cyangwa "resilient seat", ihuza neza igice cy’inyuma cy’ivalve n’agasanduku k’ivalve hagati y’umubiri w’ivalve n’umuyoboro w’ipombi. Uku gutandukanya hagati nta guhindagurika gufite.
1.1.1 Uburyo bwo kugenda kwa disiki
Disiki izenguruka 90° ku ruhande rw'umurongo w'inyuma w'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, kandi ikava ku gufunguka neza (ijyanye n'umuyoboro) ikagera ku gufunga neza (igororotse ku muyoboro) mu gihe cyose igenda.
1.1.2 Uburyo bwo Gufunga
Ifunze rigerwaho hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kubangamirana hagati y’inkombe ya disiki ya valve n’intebe ya valve imeze nk’umukara (nka EPDM, acrylic cyangwa fluororubber) iri ku gice cy’imbere cy’umubiri wa valve.
1.1.3 Ibikoresho
Ubusanzwe igice cy'icyuma gifunga kigizwe n'ibikoresho bikomeye kandi birwanya ingese nk'icyuma gishongeshejwe, icyuma gifunganye cyangwa icyuma gifunganye kugira ngo kidakoreshwa cyane, kuko icyicaro cy'icyuma gifunganye kibuza amazi gukorana n'igice cy'icyuma gifunganye.
Disiki ishobora kuba ari icyuma kitagira umugese, icyuma cya aluminiyumu, icyuma gitwikiriwe n'icyuma, cyangwa ipfundikiwe neza n'icyuma, bitewe n'uburyo amazi yangiritse.
1.2 Valve z'ibinyugunyugu zikora neza cyane
Ubusanzwe igishushanyo mbonera cya "double-offset" gifite "key offsets" ebyiri:
Uruti ruri inyuma ya disiki aho kuba unyuze hagati muri disiki, kandi
Iteraniro rya disiki n'umugongo bivanywe ku murongo wo hagati w'umuyoboro w'umuyoboro.
Zimwe muri verisiyo zigezweho zirimo triple offsets, ariko double offsets ni izisanzwe kuri moderi zifite imikorere myiza.
1.2.1 Uburyo bwo kugenda kwa disiki
Bitewe n'uko disiki ihindagurika, izunguruka nk'aho ari kamera, ikagabanya gukorana n'intebe.
1.2.2 Uburyo bwo Gufunga
Intebe ikozwe mu bikoresho biramba cyane, nka Teflon ishyigikiwe, kugira ngo ihangane n'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Bitandukanye n'intebe ya rubber iri muri valve ifatana, agafunga kayo gakomeye kandi ntigashingira cyane ku guhindagurika.
1.2.3 Ibikoresho
Umubiri na disiki bikozwe mu byuma bikomeye, nk'icyuma kitagira umugese, icyuma cya karuboni, cyangwa aloyi, kugira ngo bihangane n'ibihe bikomeye.
1.3 Incamake: Ingaruka ku gishushanyo mbonera
Uburyo bworoshye bwa valve ihuza ibyuma bituma yoroha kandi ikagira ubushobozi bwo kuyishyiraho. Ariko, kuyikoresha mu kwicara mu buryo bwa "rubber" bituma irushaho kuba nziza.
Imiterere ya offset hamwe n'ibikoresho bikomeye bya valves zikora neza byongera kuramba kwazo no kwihuza n'ibindi, ariko ku bw'ibyo, bitewe n'uburemere n'ubushobozi bwo kwiyongera.
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2. Ubushobozi bwo gukora neza
Imikorere ni yo ihinduka cyane muri izi valves kandi ni yo abakoresha baha agaciro kandi bakitaho cyane. By'umwihariko, isesengura rishingiye ku gitutu, ubushyuhe, ingaruka zo gufunga ndetse n'igihe zimara.
2.1 Valve z'ibinyugunyugu zihuza
2.1.1 Ibipimo by'umuvuduko
Utwuma tw’ibinyugunyugu twitwa Concentric butterfly muri rusange dushobora kwihanganira igitutu kigera kuri PN16, ariko ibi biratandukanye bitewe n’ingano n’ibikoresho. Hejuru y’iki gitutu, intebe ya rubber ishobora kwangirika cyangwa kwangirika.
2.1.2 Ibipimo by'ubushyuhe
Ubushyuhe ntarengwa ni 356°F (180°C), bugamijwe n'ubushyuhe bw'intebe ya rubber cyangwa PTFE. Ubushyuhe bwinshi buzagabanya imikorere ya elastomer kandi bugatuma ifunga ritagenda neza.
2.1.3 Imikorere yo gufunga
Ishobora gutanga uburyo bwo gufunga neza mu buryo bukoresha umuvuduko muto, ariko ubwinshi buhoraho hagati ya disiki ya valve n'intebe ya valve butera kwangirika, ibyo bikagabanya ubushobozi bwo gukora.
2.1.4 Gutera umuyaga
Kubera ko uturindantoki tw’ibinyugunyugu tuba dukwiye gufungura no gufunga neza, iyo dukoreshejwe mu kugenzura amazi atemba, gufunga igihe kirekire bizatuma intebe y’uturindantoki yihuta, bigatuma idakora neza kandi iramba.
2.1.5 Kuramba
Kuba intebe z'icyuma cyangwa ibyuma biramba cyane kurusha za rabara. Imiterere yazo yoroshye yongera igihe cyo kuzikoresha mu kugabanya uburyaryate.
2.2 Valve y'ibinyugunyugu ikora neza cyane
2.2.1 Igipimo cy'umuvuduko
Bitewe n'imiterere yayo ikomeye n'imiterere yayo igabanya umuvuduko ku ntebe ya valve, ishobora kwihanganira umuvuduko ugera kuri PN16.
2.2.2 Igipimo cy'ubushyuhe
Kubera ko intebe ya valve ikoresha RPTFE, ishobora gukora neza ku bushyuhe bugera kuri 536°F (280°C).
2.2.3 Imikorere yo gufunga
Bitewe nuko disiki ya valve ya offset ikwira neza n'intebe ya valve iramba, amazi aba hafi ya zeru kandi akenshi aba hafi yo gufunga umwuka. Ibi bituma iba nziza cyane ku bikorwa by'ingenzi.
2.2.4 Gutera umuyaga
Imiterere n'ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu tumashini tw'ibinyugunyugu dukora neza bituma dushobora kugenzura neza uko amazi agenda ndetse no mu gihe cy'umuvuduko mwinshi. Kugabanya aho bicara bigabanya kwangirika no kugumana ubuziranenge bw'urupapuro mu ngendo nyinshi.
2.2.5 Kuramba
Kubera ko intebe z'icyuma cyangwa iz'imbaraga zikomeye ziramba kurusha rabha. Imiterere yazo yongereye igihe cyo kuzikoresha mu kugabanya gukururana.
2.3 Incamake: Ibyiza by'Imikorere
Vali zifata umurongo ugororotse zikwiriye ahantu hafite umuvuduko muke kandi hadahinduka, ariko ntizikora neza iyo hari umuvuduko uringaniye cyangwa mwinshi.
Valve zikora neza zitanga ubwizigirwa bwiza kandi zimara igihe kirekire ku giciro cyo hejuru cya mbere.
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3. Porogaramu
Guhitamo hagati y’udupira tw’ibinyugunyugu two hagati n’udupira tw’ibinyugunyugu dufite imikorere myiza biterwa n’ibyo sisitemu ishyirwamo.
3.1 Valves z'ibinyugunyugu zifatanye
Ku bijyanye n'ubushyuhe buri hasi kugeza kuri buringaniye aho ikiguzi n'ubworoherane ari byo by'ingenzi.
Ikoreshwa Risanzwe:
- Amazi n'amazi yanduye: Imiyoboro y'amazi y'umujyi, imiyoboro yo kuhira n'imiyoboro y'amazi yanduye biyungukiramo mu bukungu bwayo no mu kwitandukanya kw'amazi n'amazi.
- Ibiribwa n'imiti: Intebe za rubber zirinda amazi yoroshye kwanduzwa n'umubiri w'agapira.
- Itangwa rya Gazi: Imiyoboro ya gaze ifite umuvuduko muke ikoresha mu kuyigenzura no kuyifungura.
- Kurinda inkongi: Sisitemu zo gusukura amazi zikoresha uburyo bwazo bwihuse kandi bwizewe mu gihe cy'umuvuduko uringaniye.
- Umwotsi Ufite Umuvuduko Muke: Ku mwuka ushyushye kugeza kuri 250 PSI na 350°F.
3.2 Valve z'ikinyugunyugu zikora neza cyane
Ku gitutu kiri hagati cyangwa sisitemu zikomeye zisaba ubushishozi n'uburambe.
Ikoreshwa Risanzwe:
- Amavuta na Gazi: Arwanya imiti ihumanya ikirere, ibikomoka kuri peteroli, n'ikirere cyo ku nkengero z'inyanja gifite umuvuduko mwinshi n'amazi yangiza.
- Ingufu: Icunga umwuka mwinshi n'amazi akonjesha mu byuma bitanga umuriro n'amatafari.
- Gutunganya imiti: Irwanya amazi yangiza kandi igakomeza kuzimya neza ahantu hahindagurika.
- HVAC: Ku buryo bunini busaba kugenzura neza uburyo amazi anyuramo.
- Kubaka amato: Ihangana n'imimerere yo mu mazi no gucunga amazi afite umuvuduko mwinshi.
3.3 Guhuza ikoreshwa n'itandukaniro
Nubwo vali zombi zigenzura uburyo amazi anyuramo, vali zifatanye ziganza ahantu hahendutse kandi hadasaba byinshi, mu gihe vali zikora neza cyane zikundwa mu nganda aho guhomba bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye.
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4. Ibigomba kwitabwaho mu mikorere
Uretse igishushanyo mbonera n'ikoreshwa ryacyo, ibintu bifatika nko gushyiraho, kubungabunga no guhuza sisitemu nabyo bigira uruhare.
4.1 Gushyiramo
- Ifite imiterere y'icyuma: Yoroshye kuyishyiraho bitewe n'uburemere bwayo bworoshye kandi ikaba yoroshye kuyikoresha.
- Ikora neza: Guhuza neza birakenewe bitewe n'imiterere ya offset, kandi uburemere bwayo busaba inkunga ikomeye.
4.2 Kubungabunga
- Ishyirahamwe ryimbitse: Kubungabunga byibanda ku gusimbuza intebe ya rubber, ari bwo buryo bwo gusana bwihuse kandi buhendutse. Ariko, kwangirika kenshi bishobora kongera igihe cyo kudakora muri sisitemu zikoresha amashanyarazi menshi.
- Imikorere myiza: Gusana ntibikunze kubaho kenshi bitewe n’uko intebe iramba, ariko gusana (urugero, gusimbuza intebe) birahenze kandi biratekiniki, akenshi bisaba abakozi b’inzobere mu gusana bafite ibikoresho byihariye.
4.3 Kugabanuka k'umuvuduko
- Concentric: Disiki zifatanye hagati zitera turbulence nyinshi iyo zifunguye igice, bigabanyiriza imikorere mu gukoresha throttling.
- Umusaruro mwinshi: Disiki za offset zinoza imiterere y'umuvuduko, zigabanya guhagarara kw'imitsi no kugabanuka k'umuvuduko, cyane cyane ku muvuduko mwinshi.
4.4 Ibikorwa
Vali zombi zishobora gukoreshwa hamwe n'ibikoresho by'intoki, iby'umwuka, cyangwa iby'amashanyarazi, ariko vali zifite imikorere myiza akenshi zihuzwa n'ibikoresho bigezweho byo gukora ikoranabuhanga mu buryo bwikora neza mu nganda.
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5. Isesengura ry'Ibiciro n'Ingengabihe y'Ubuzima
5.1 Igiciro cy'ibanze
Valve zifatana zihendutse cyane kuko zoroshye kubaka no gukoresha ibikoresho bike. Ibi si ko bimeze kuri valve z'ibinyugunyugu zikora neza.
5.2 Ikiguzi cy'ubuzima
Muri rusange, valve zikora neza zihendutse uko igihe kigenda gihita kuko zidakunze kubungabungwa cyangwa gusimburwa. Muri sisitemu zikomeye, uburyo zikora neza nabwo bushobora kugabanya ikiguzi cyo kudakora.
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6. Umwanzuro: Incamake y'Ibyiza n'Ibibi
6.1 Valve y'ikinyugunyugu ikora ku buryo burambuye
6.1.1 Ibyiza:
- Kunoza ikiguzi: Amafaranga make yo gukora no gukoresha ibikoresho biyiha inyungu mu ngengo y'imari.
- Igishushanyo cyoroshye: Byoroshye gushyiramo, gukoresha no kubungabunga, hamwe n'ibice bike bigenda.
- Gutandukanya amazi: Intebe za rubber zirinda umubiri wa valve, bigatuma hakoreshwa ibikoresho bihendutse kandi bigakomeza kugira amazi meza.
- Yoroheje: Ni nziza cyane iyo habayeho ikibazo cy'uburemere.
6.1.2 Ingaruka mbi:
- Intera nto: Intera zo hejuru ni 250 PSI na 356°F, zigabanya ikoreshwa ryazo mu bihe bikomeye.
- Ishobora kwangirika: Kudakomeza kwangirika kw'intebe bishobora gutuma imikorere yayo idakora neza, bigasaba ko ikomeza gusuzumwa.
- Umusaruro mubi wo gufunga umuvuduko mwinshi: Bitakaza ubuziranenge n'ubufungane iyo bipimwe.
6.2 Valve z'ikinyugunyugu zikora neza cyane
6.2.1 Ibyiza:
- Ubushobozi bwo hejuru: Ishobora guhangana n'umuvuduko uri hagati kugeza kuri mwinshi (kugeza kuri 600 PSI) n'ubushyuhe (kugeza kuri 536°F).
- Igihe kirekire cyo gukora: Kugabanuka kw'imyicarire n'ibikoresho biramba byongera igihe cyo gukora.
- Ubuhanga: Irakora neza cyane ndetse no kuzimya umuriro nubwo byaba bigoye.
- Guhindagurika: Bikwiriye ahantu henshi hatandukanye hakoreshwa amazi n'ibidukikije.
6.2.2 Ingaruka mbi:
- Igiciro cyo hejuru: Ibikoresho bihenze n'igishushanyo mbonera kigoye byongera ishoramari ry'ibanze.
- Ingorane: Gushyiramo no gusana bisaba ubuhanga bwinshi.
- Uburemere: Kubaka ibintu biremereye bishobora kugorana kuvugurura sisitemu zimwe na zimwe.
Valve z'ibinyugunyugu zifatanye n'valve z'ibinyugunyugu zikorana neza cyane zikorera ahantu hatandukanye ariko hatandukanye mu kugenzura amazi. Imiterere y'intebe y'urukiramende ifatanye n'urukiramende ituma iba amahitamo meza kandi ahendutse ku bikorwa biri ku rugero ruciriritse nko gutanga amazi, gutunganya ibiribwa cyangwa kurinda inkongi. Niba imikorere n'ubushobozi bidashoboka, valve y'ibinyugunyugu ikorana neza ni igisubizo. Ku bikorwa bitwikiriwe (nk'imiyoboro yo munsi y'ubutaka), uburyo bwombi burashobora gukoreshwa, ariko uburemere bworoshye n'igiciro gito cya valve ifatanye akenshi birakurikizwa keretse iyo ibintu bikomeye bibaye ngombwa.