Uramutse utembereye mu ruganda rw’imiti, uzabona imiyoboro ifite utubati dufite umutwe uzengurutse, ari two tubati dugenzura.
Valve igenzura diaphragm y'umwuka
Ushobora kumenya amakuru amwe yerekeye valve igenzura ukoresheje izina ryayo. Ijambo "regulation" ni uko urwego rwayo rwo guhindura rushobora guhindurwa uko byagenwe hagati ya 0 na 100%.
Inshuti zitondere zigomba gusanga hari igikoresho kiri munsi y'umutwe wa buri vali igenzura. Abamenyereye bagomba kumenya ko ari wo mutima wa vali igenzura, aho igenamiterere ry'ivali. Binyuze muri iki gikoresho, ingano y'umwuka winjira mu mutwe (pneumatic film) irashobora guhindurwa. Kugenzura neza aho vali iherereye.
Utumashini dushyiraho valve turimo utumashini tw’ubwenge n’utumashini dushyiraho imiterere. Uyu munsi turimo kuganira ku tumashini dushyiraho imiterere ya nyuma, ari na ko tugaragara ku ifoto.
Ihame ry'imikorere ya positioner ya valve ya pneumatic ya mechanical
Imbonerahamwe y'imiterere y'aho valve iherereye
Ishusho isobanura mu buryo bw'ibanze ibice bya positioner ya mashini ikoresha umwuka ikoresheje umwuka, kimwe kimwe. Intambwe ikurikiraho ni ukureba uko ikora?
Isoko y'umwuka ituruka mu mwuka ufunze wo muri sitasiyo ya compressor y'umwuka. Hariho valve igabanya umuvuduko w'umwuka imbere y'aho umwuka winjirira mu gice cy'icyuma gikingira umwuka kugira ngo isukure umwuka ufunze. Isoko y'umwuka iva aho umwuka usohoka mu gice cy'icyuma gikingira umuvuduko yinjirira mu gice cy'icyuma gikingira umwuka. Ingano y'umwuka winjira mu mutwe w'icyuma gikingira umwuka igenwa hakurikijwe ikimenyetso cy'umugenzuzi.
Umuvuduko w'ikimenyetso cy'amashanyarazi gitangwa n'icyuma gipima amashanyarazi ni 4 ~ 20mA, naho ikimenyetso cy'umwuka ni 20Kpa ~ 100Kpa. Guhindura ikimenyetso cy'amashanyarazi kikajya mu cyuma gipima amashanyarazi bikorwa binyuze mu cyuma gihindura amashanyarazi.
Iyo ikimenyetso cy'amashanyarazi gisohoka n'umugenzuzi gihinduwe ikimenyetso cya gaze gihuye, ikimenyetso cya gaze cyahinduwe gishyirwa ku mvuvu. Lever 2 izenguruka fulcrum, hanyuma igice cyo hasi cya lever 2 kijya iburyo kikegera nozzle. Umuvuduko w'inyuma w'umuvuvu uriyongera, kandi nyuma yo kongerwamo imbaraga na amplifier ya pneumatic (igice gifite ikimenyetso kiri ku ifoto), igice cy'isoko y'umwuka cyoherezwa mu cyumba cy'umwuka cya diaphragm ya pneumatic. Uduti twa valve dutwara igice cy'imbere cya valve hasi kandi tugafungura valve buhoro buhoro. Muri iki gihe, inkoni yo gusubiza (inkoni yo kuzunguruka iri ku ifoto) ihujwe n'agati ka valve imanuka izenguruka fulcrum, bigatuma impera y'imbere y'umugozi imanuka. Kamera idasanzwe ihujwe nayo izenguruka mu buryo bunyuranyije n'isaha, kandi roller izenguruka mu buryo bw'isaha ikajya ibumoso. Kurambura impera yo gusubiza. Kubera ko igice cyo hasi cya spring yo gusubiza kirambura lever 2 kikajya ibumoso, kizagera ku buringanire bw'imbaraga hamwe n'umuvuduko w'ikimenyetso ukora ku mvuvu, bityo valve iguma ahantu runaka kandi ntigire icyo igenda.
Binyuze mu ntangiriro yavuzwe haruguru, ugomba gusobanukirwa neza uburyo bwo gushyiraho valve ya mechanical. Iyo ubonye amahirwe, ni byiza kuyikuraho rimwe mu gihe uyikoresha, no kongera umwanya wa buri gice cy'aho ishyirwa n'izina rya buri gice. Bityo, ikiganiro kigufi ku bijyanye na valve ya mechanical kirarangira. Hanyuma, tuzagura ubumenyi kugira ngo turusheho gusobanukirwa neza ibijyanye na valve zigenzura.
kwagura ubumenyi
Kwagura ubumenyi bwa mbere
Valve igenzura umwijima iri ku ifoto ni ifunze neza. Hari abantu bibaza bati, kuki?
Ubwa mbere, reba icyerekezo cy'aho diyafrom y'ikirere yinjira, ibyo bikaba ari ingaruka nziza.
Icya kabiri, reba icyerekezo cy'aho valve ishyirwa, kandi ni cyiza.
Isoko y'umwuka wo mu cyumba cy'umwuka cya diaphragm gikoresha umwuka, diaphragm ikandagira amasoko atandatu atwikiriwe na diaphragm, bityo igasunika uruti rwa valve kugira ngo rujye hasi. Uruti rwa valve ruhujwe n'uruti rwa valve, kandi uruti rwa valve rushyirwa imbere, bityo isoko y'umwuka ni valve Yimure aho iva. Kubwibyo, yitwa valve yo mu mwuka ufunga. Gufungura amakosa bivuze ko iyo umwuka uhagaze bitewe n'iyubakwa cyangwa kwangirika k'umuyoboro w'umwuka, valve yongera gushyirwaho bitewe n'imbaraga z'isoko, kandi valve yongera gufunguka neza.
Ni gute wakoresha valve yo kuzimya umwuka?
Uburyo bwo kuyikoresha bufatwa nk'umutekano. Iki ni ikintu cy'ingenzi kugira ngo umuntu ahitemo niba agomba kuyifungura cyangwa kuyizimya.
Urugero: indomo y'umwuka, kimwe mu bikoresho by'ingenzi by'icyuma gishyushya amazi, na vali igenzura ikoreshwa mu buryo bw'amazi bigomba gufungwa mu mwuka. Kuki? Urugero, niba isoko ya gazi cyangwa amashanyarazi byahagaze mu buryo butunguranye, itanura riracyashya cyane kandi rigashyushya amazi ari mu ndomo buri gihe. Iyo gazi ikoreshejwe mu gufungura vali igenzura kandi ingufu zikahagarara, vali irafungwa kandi vali irashya mu minota mike nta mazi (gutwika byumye). Ibi ni bibi cyane. Ntibishoboka guhangana n'ikosa rya vali igenzura mu gihe gito, bizatuma itanura rifunga. Impanuka zibaho. Kubwibyo, kugira ngo hirindwe ikosa ryumye cyangwa impanuka zo gufunga itanura, vali ifunga gazi igomba gukoreshwa. Nubwo ingufu zahagaze kandi vali igenzura ikaba ifunguye neza, amazi ahora ashyirwa mu ndomo igenzura, ariko ntibizatera amafaranga yumye mu ndomo ikwirakwiza umwuka. Haracyari igihe cyo guhangana n'ikosa rya vali igenzura kandi itanura ntirizafungwa neza kugira ngo rihagarare.
Ukurikije ingero zavuzwe haruguru, ubu wagombye gusobanukirwa mbere na mbere uburyo bwo guhitamo valve zifungura umwuka n'izifunga umwuka!
Kwagura Ubumenyi 2
Ubu bumenyi buke buvuga ku mpinduka mu ngaruka nziza n'ibibi by'aho umuntu aherereye.
Valve igenzura iri ku ishusho ikora neza. Kamera idasanzwe ifite impande ebyiri AB, A ihagarariye uruhande rw'imbere na B ihagarariye uruhande. Muri iki gihe, uruhande rwa A rureba inyuma, kandi guhindura uruhande rwa B hanze ni reaction. Kubwibyo, guhindura icyerekezo cya A ku ishusho ujya ku cyerekezo cya B ni uburyo bwo gushyiraho valve ya reaction mechanical.
Ishusho nyayo iri ku ifoto ni positioner ya valve ikora neza, kandi ikimenyetso cy'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ni 4-20mA. Iyo 4mA, ikimenyetso cy'umwuka gihuye ni 20Kpa, kandi valve igenzura iba ifunguye neza. Iyo 20mA, ikimenyetso cy'umwuka gihuye ni 100Kpa, kandi valve igenzura iba ifunze neza.
Ibikoresho byo gushyiramo valve bifite ibyiza n'ibibi
Ibyiza: kugenzura neza.
Ingaruka mbi: Bitewe n'uburyo bwo kugenzura ikirere, niba ikimenyetso cy'aho giherereye kigomba kugaruzwa mu cyumba cyo kugenzura hagati, hakenewe igikoresho cy'inyongera cyo guhindura amashanyarazi.
Kwagura ubumenyi bwa gatatu
Ibintu bifitanye isano n'ibibazo bya buri munsi.
Gutsindwa mu gihe cy'umusaruro ni ibisanzwe kandi ni bimwe mu bigize umusaruro. Ariko kugira ngo hakomeze kuba ubwiza, umutekano, n'ingano, ibibazo bigomba gukemurwa ku gihe. Iyi ni yo kamaro ko kuguma mu kigo. Kubwibyo, turaganira muri make ku bintu byinshi byagaragaye:
1. Isohoka ry'aho valve ihagarara rimeze nk'imbwa.
Ntukingure igifuniko cy'imbere cy'agasanduku k'umwuka; tega amatwi ijwi kugira ngo urebe niba umuyoboro w'umwuka wacitse kandi ugatera kuva. Ibi bishobora kugaragazwa n'amaso. Kandi wumve niba hari ijwi ry'umwuka uva mu cyumba cy'umwuka cyinjizwamo.
Fungura igifuniko cy'imbere cy'aho valve ihagarara; 1. Niba hari aho uruziga rudahinduka rwafunzwe; 2. Reba aho baffle iherereye; 3. Reba uko ubwiyongere bw'umusemburo w'ibitekerezo buhagaze; 4. Kuramo valve kare hanyuma urebe diaphragm.
2. Umusaruro w'agasanduku k'ingufu urarambiranye
1. Reba niba umuvuduko w'umwuka uri mu rugero rwagenwe kandi niba inkoni yo gusubiza yagabanutse. Iyi ni yo ntambwe yoroshye.
2. Genzura niba insinga z'umurongo w'ikimenyetso ari zo (ibibazo bivuka nyuma muri rusange byirengagizwa)
3. Hari ikintu kiri hagati y'uruziga n'ingufu?
4. Reba niba aho umunwa w'amazi n'aho uhagarara bihurira bikwiye.
5. Reba imiterere y'icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi
6. Reba niba aho impera y'amazi iringaniye iherereye hakwiye
Hanyuma, ikimenyetso cyinjiye, ariko umuvuduko w'umusaruro ntuhinduka, hari umusaruro ariko ntugera ku gaciro ntarengwa, nibindi. Aya makosa aboneka no mu makosa ya buri munsi kandi ntabwo azavugwaho hano.
Kwagura ubumenyi bwa kane
Gutunganya uburyo bwo gupima stroke ya valve
Mu gihe cyo gukora, gukoresha valve igenzura igihe kirekire bizatuma habaho stroke idakwiye. Muri rusange, hari ikosa rikomeye iyo ugerageza gufungura ahantu runaka.
Igipimo ni 0-100%, hitamo aho ntarengwa ho gukosora, aribyo 0, 25, 50, 75, na 100, byose bigaragazwa nk'ijanisha. Cyane cyane ku bipimo bya valve bya mechanical, iyo uhinduye, ni ngombwa kumenya aho ibice bibiri by'intoki biri imbere muri positioner, ni ukuvuga aho guhindura zeru n'igihe cyo guhindura.
Dufashe urugero rwa valve igenzura ifunguka ry'umwuka, uyihindure.
Intambwe ya 1: Aho bashyira zeru, icyumba cyo kugenzura cyangwa icyuma gitanga ibimenyetso gitanga 4mA. Valve igenzura igomba gufungwa neza. Niba idashobora gufungwa neza, kora zeru. Nyuma yo gukosora zeru, hindura neza amanota ya 50%, hanyuma uhindure umwanya ukurikije uko ubyifuza. Muri icyo gihe, menya ko inkoni yo gusubiza hamwe n'agace k ...
Umwanzuro; kuva kuri positioner ya mekanike kugeza kuri positioner y'ubwenge. Mu rwego rwa siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga, iterambere ryihuse rya siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga ryagabanyije imbaraga z'abakozi bo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Ku giti cyanjye, ndatekereza ko niba ushaka gukoresha ubuhanga bwawe mu kazi no kwiga ubuhanga, positioner ya mekanike ni yo nziza, cyane cyane ku bakozi bashya b'ibikoresho. Mu magambo make, umuhanga mu kumenya aho ibintu biherereye ashobora kumva amagambo make mu gitabo cy'amabwiriza no kwimura intoki zawe. Azahindura buri kimwe mu buryo bwikora kuva ku guhindura amanota ya zeru kugeza ku guhindura intera. Tegereza gusa ko irangira gukina no gusukura aho ibintu bibera. Haguruka gusa. Ku bwoko bwa mekanike, ibice byinshi bigomba gusenywa, gusanwa no kongera gushyirwamo. Ibi bizanoza ubushobozi bwawe bwo gukora kandi bigutere gushimishwa n'imiterere yayo y'imbere.
Nubwo yaba ari umuhanga cyangwa atari umuhanga, igira uruhare runini mu gikorwa cyose cyo gukora hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga. Iyo "igeze ku" ikoranabuhanga, nta buryo bwo kurihindura kandi kugenzura hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga nta cyo bimaze.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-31-2023