Mu isesengura ry’ihame ry’imiterere y’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi uhoraho, byagaragaye ko ihame ryo gufunga ari rimwe, hakoreshejwe ihame rya “ingaruka za piston”, kandi imiterere yo gufunga ni yo yonyine itandukanye.
Valve mu ikoreshwa ry'ikibazo igaragara cyane cyane mu byiciro bitandukanye, mu buryo butandukanye bwo gusohora amazi, hakurikijwe ihame ryo gufunga imiterere no gushyiraho no gusesengura ubuziranenge bw'inyubako, impamvu zitera gusohora amazi ni izi zikurikira.
1. Ishyirwaho rya valune n'ubwiza bw'inyubako ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru
Mu gushyiraho, ubwubatsi ntibureba ubuso bwo kuziba imvange n'uburinzi bw'impeta y'intebe, kwangirika kw'ubuso bwo kuziba; gushyiraho birarangiye, imiyoboro n'aho amazi anyura ntabwo byuzuye, ntabwo bisukuye, mu gihe cyo gukora hari slag cyangwa grave byometse hagati y'umupira n'impeta y'intebe, bigatuma kuziba kwangirika. Muri iki gihe, mu gihe cy'impanuka, ubuso bwo kuziba bwo hejuru bugomba guterwa by'agateganyo ingano ikwiye y'icyuma gifunga kugira ngo bigabanye amazi, ariko ntibishobora gukemura ikibazo burundu, nibiba ngombwa, ubuso bwo kuziba imvange n'impeta y'intebe bigomba gusimburwa.
2. Uburyo bwo gutunganya valve, ibikoresho byo gufunga impeta, n'impamvu z'ubwiza bw'iteraniro
Nubwo imiterere ya valve yoroshye, ni ikintu gikenewe cyane ku bikoresho byiza byo gutunganya imashini, ubwiza bwayo bugira ingaruka zitaziguye ku mikorere yo gufunga. Impeta y'intebe n'intebe y'impeta bigomba kubarwa neza, ubuso bw'impeta bugomba kuba bukwiye. Byongeye kandi, guhitamo ibikoresho byoroshye byo gufunga nabyo ni ingenzi cyane, atari ukureba gusa ingese no kudashira ahubwo no kuzirikana ubukana bwayo n'ubukomere bwayo. Iyo yoroshye cyane, izagira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwo kwisukura; iyo ikomeye cyane, byoroshye kuyivunika.
3. Guhitamo neza hakurikijwe ubusabe n'imiterere y'akazi
Imikorere itandukanye yo gufunga no gufunga imiterere ya vali ikoresheje ibihe bitandukanye, ariko ibihe bitandukanye byo guhitamo vali itandukanye, kugira ngo ubone ingaruka nziza zo kuyikoresha. Urugero, ku bijyanye n'umuyoboro wa gaze w'Iburengerazuba, vali z'imiyoboro zihamye zifite gufunga impande ebyiri zigomba gutoranywa uko bishoboka kose (usibye vali z'imiyoboro zizunguruka zifite gufunga ku ngufu, zihenze cyane). Muri ubwo buryo, niba agafunga ko hejuru kangiritse, agafunga ko hasi gashobora gukora. Vali y'umupira ifunze ku ngufu igomba gutoranywa niba bikenewe ko ikora neza.
4. Ku mavali afite imiterere itandukanye yo gufunga, hagomba gukoreshwa uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha, kubungabunga no gutunganya
Ku mavali adafite amazi, vali ishobora kuzuzwa amavuta mbere na nyuma ya buri gikorwa cyangwa buri mezi 6 mu rugero ruto ku miyoboro y’imashini n’imashini zifunga, kandi mu gihe amazi yavuye cyangwa adashobora gufungwa neza niho ingano ikwiye ya vali ishyirwamo. Kubera ubukana bwinshi bwa vali, niba vali idakunze kuzuzwamo vali, bigira ingaruka ku ngaruka zo kwisukura ku buso bw’uruziga, akenshi bikabangamira, bigatera utuntu duto n’indi myanda hagati ya vali kugira ngo bitume amazi ava. Ku mavali afite agapfundikizo k’inzira ebyiri, niba umutekano w’aho hantu ubikwemerera, igitutu kiri mu mwobo wa vali kigomba kurekurwa kugeza kuri zeru, kugira ngo habeho gufunga.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 23 Gashyantare 2023