Gutera umubiri wa valve nigice cyingenzi mubikorwa byo gukora valve, kandi ubwiza bwa casting bugena ubwiza bwa valve. Ibikurikira bitangiza uburyo butandukanye bwo gukina bisanzwe bikoreshwa mubikorwa bya valve:
Gutera umucanga:
Gutera umucanga bikunze gukoreshwa mu nganda za valve birashobora kugabanywa mumucanga wicyatsi, umucanga wumye, ikirahuri cyamazi cyumucanga na furan resin yo kwikomeretsa ukurikije binders zitandukanye.
(1) Umusenyi wicyatsi ninzira yo kubumba ukoresheje bentonite nka binder.
Ibiranga ni:ifu yumucanga irangiye ntigomba gukama cyangwa gukomera, ifu yumucanga ifite imbaraga zitose, kandi umusenyi wumusenyi hamwe nigishishwa cyibumba bifite umusaruro mwiza, byoroshye guhanagura no kunyeganyeza. Ibicuruzwa bibumbabumbwa neza ni byinshi, umusaruro wigihe gito, igiciro cyibikoresho ni gito, kandi biroroshye gutunganya umusaruro winteko.
Ibibi byayo ni:casting ikunze kwibasirwa nudusimba nka pore, gushiramo umucanga, hamwe no gufatira kumusenyi, kandi ubwiza bwa casting, cyane cyane ubwiza bwimbere, ntabwo ari byiza.
Ingano nimbonerahamwe yumucanga wicyatsi kibisi:
(2) Umucanga wumye ninzira yo kubumba ukoresheje ibumba nkibihuza. Ongeramo bike bentonite irashobora kunoza imbaraga zayo.
Ibiranga ni:ibumba ryumucanga rigomba gukama, rikagira umwuka mwiza, ntirishobora guhura nudusembwa nko gukaraba umucanga, gufatira umucanga, hamwe nu byobo, kandi ubwiza bwihariye bwa casting nibyiza.
Ibibi byayo ni:bisaba ibikoresho byo kumisha umucanga kandi cycle yo gukora ni ndende.
(3) Umucanga wikirahuri cyamazi ninzira yo kwerekana icyitegererezo ukoresheje ikirahuri cyamazi nka binder. Ibiranga ni: ikirahuri cyamazi gifite imikorere yo guhita ikomera iyo ihuye na CO2, kandi irashobora kugira inyungu zitandukanye zuburyo bwo gukomeretsa gazi yo kwerekana no gukora intangiriro, ariko hariho ibitagenda neza nko gusenyuka nabi kwikibabi, ingorane zo gusukura umucanga guta, hamwe no kuvugurura bike no gutunganya umucanga ushaje.
Ingano nimbonerahamwe yikirahure cyamazi CO2 ikomera umucanga:
. Umucanga ubumba urakomera bitewe nubushakashatsi bwimiti ya binder munsi yumuti ukiza mubushyuhe bwicyumba. Ikiranga ni uko ifu yumucanga idakenera gukama, igabanya umusaruro kandi ikabika ingufu. Gusiga ibumba umucanga biroroshye guhuza kandi bifite ibyiza byo gusenyuka. Umusenyi ubumba wa casting biroroshye koza. Abakinnyi bafite ibipimo bifatika kandi birangiye neza, bishobora kuzamura ireme ryabakinnyi. Ibibi byayo ni: ibisabwa byujuje ubuziranenge ku mucanga mbisi, impumuro nziza aho ikorerwa, hamwe nigiciro kinini cya resin.
Kugereranya no kuvanga inzira ya furan resin nta-guteka umucanga bivanze:
Kuvanga inzira ya furan resin yikomye cyane: Nibyiza gukoresha imvange yumucanga ikomeza kugirango ikore umusenyi wikomye. Umucanga mbisi, resin, imiti ikiza, nibindi byongewe murukurikirane kandi bivangwa vuba. Irashobora kuvangwa no gukoreshwa igihe icyo aricyo cyose.
Urutonde rwo kongeramo ibikoresho bitandukanye mugihe cyo kuvanga umucanga wa resin nuburyo bukurikira:
Umucanga mbisi + ukiza (p-toluenesulfonic acide amazi yo mu mazi) - (120 ~ 180S) - resin + silane - (60 ~ 90S) - umusaruro wumucanga
(5) Uburyo busanzwe bwo gutunganya umucanga:
Gukina neza:
Mu myaka yashize, abakora valve barushijeho kwitondera ubwiza bwibigaragara hamwe nuburinganire bwa casting. Kuberako isura nziza nicyo kintu cyibanze gisabwa ku isoko, ni nacyo gipimo cyerekana intambwe yambere yo gutunganya.
Ubusanzwe bukoreshwa neza mubikorwa bya valve ninganda zishoramari, zitangizwa muri make kuburyo bukurikira:
(1) Uburyo bubiri bwo gukemura ibibazo:
Gukoresha ibishashara biciriritse bishingiye ku bishashara (acide stearic + paraffin), inshinge zumuvuduko ukabije w’ibishashara, ikirahuri cy’amazi, amazi ashyushye, gutembera mu kirere no gusuka, cyane cyane bikoreshwa mu byuma bya karubone hamwe n’ibyuma biciriritse byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa muri rusange. , Ibipimo byukuri bya casting birashobora kugera kurwego rwigihugu CT7 ~ 9.
② Ukoresheje ubushyuhe buciriritse bushingiye kubibumbano, inshinge zumuvuduko ukabije wibishashara, silika sol mold shell, dewaxing yamashanyarazi, uburyo bwihuse bwo gushonga ikirere cyangwa vacuum gushonga, uburinganire bwibipimo bishobora kugera kuri CT4-6.
(2) Uburyo busanzwe bwo gushora imari:
(3) Ibiranga ishoramari:
HeKasting ifite uburinganire buringaniye, ubuso bworoshye kandi bwiza bugaragara.
Possible Birashoboka guta ibice bifite imiterere nuburyo bugoye gutunganya nibindi bikorwa.
Ibikoresho byo guta ntabwo bigarukira, ibikoresho bitandukanye bivangwa nka: ibyuma bya karubone, ibyuma bitagira umwanda, ibyuma bivanze, aluminiyumu, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, hamwe nicyuma cyagaciro, cyane cyane ibikoresho bivanze bigoye guhimba, gusudira no gukata.
Production Umusaruro mwiza uhindagurika kandi uhindagurika cyane. Irashobora kubyazwa umusaruro mwinshi, kandi irakwiriye no kubice kimwe cyangwa umusaruro muto.
Cast Gutera ishoramari nabyo bifite aho bigarukira, nka: inzira itoroshye yo gutembera hamwe nigihe kirekire. Bitewe n'ubuhanga buke bwo gukina bushobora gukoreshwa, ubushobozi bwayo bwo gutwara umuvuduko ntibushobora kuba hejuru cyane mugihe bukoreshwa mugutera igitutu cyoroshye-shell valve casting.
Isesengura ryamakosa
Abakinnyi bose bazaba bafite inenge zimbere, kubaho kwizi nenge bizazana akaga gakomeye kihishe kumiterere yimbere ya casting, kandi gusana gusudira kugirango bikureho izo nenge mubikorwa byo kubyara nabyo bizazana umutwaro munini mubikorwa byo gukora. By'umwihariko, indanga ni ntoya-shitingi yihanganira umuvuduko nubushyuhe, kandi guhuza imiterere yimbere ni ngombwa cyane. Kubwibyo, inenge yimbere yabakinnyi ihinduka ikintu gikomeye kigira ingaruka kumiterere yabakinnyi.
Inenge zimbere zo guteramo valve zirimo cyane cyane imyenge, gushyiramo slag, kugabanuka kwinshi no gucamo.
(1) Pore:Imyenge ikorwa na gaze, hejuru ya pore iroroshye, kandi ikorerwa imbere cyangwa hafi yubuso bwa casting, kandi imiterere yabyo ahanini irazenguruka cyangwa ndende.
Inkomoko nyamukuru ya gaze itanga imyenge ni:
Azote na hydrogène byashongeshejwe mu cyuma bikubiye mu cyuma mu gihe cyo gukomera kwa casting, bigakora urukuta rw'imbere ruzengurutse cyangwa ova imbere rufite urumuri rwinshi.
Ibintu bitose cyangwa bihindagurika mubikoresho byo kubumba bizahinduka gaze kubera gushyuha, bigakora imyenge ifite urukuta rwimbere rwijimye.
③ Mugihe cyo gusuka ibyuma, kubera umuvuduko udahungabana, umwuka uba ufite uruhare mu gukora imyenge.
Uburyo bwo gukumira inenge zidasanzwe:
① Mu gushonga, ibikoresho fatizo byicyuma bigomba gukoreshwa bike bishoboka cyangwa bidashoboka, kandi ibikoresho nintambwe bigomba gutekwa no gukama.
PourGusuka ibyuma bishongeshejwe bigomba gukorwa ku bushyuhe bwinshi kandi bigasukwa ku bushyuhe buke, kandi ibyuma bishongeshejwe bigomba kuba byicaye neza kugirango byorohereze gaze.
Design Igishushanyo mbonera cyibisuka bigomba kongera umutwe wumuvuduko wicyuma gishongeshejwe kugirango wirinde kwinjiza gaze, kandi ugashyiraho inzira ya gaze yubukorikori kugirango ibe yuzuye.
MaterialsIbikoresho byo gutunganya bigomba kugenzura ibirimo amazi nubunini bwa gaze, byongera umwuka mubi, kandi umucanga wumucanga hamwe numusenyi bigomba gutekwa no gukama bishoboka.
(2) Kugabanya akavuyo (kurekura):Numuzingi uhuza cyangwa udahuza uruziga cyangwa umwobo udasanzwe (cavity) uboneka imbere muri casting (cyane cyane ahantu hashyushye), ufite imbere imbere hafite ibara ryijimye. Ibinyampeke binini bya kirisiti, cyane cyane muburyo bwa dendrite, byakusanyirijwe ahantu hamwe cyangwa henshi, bikunze gutemba mugihe cyo gupima hydraulic.
Impamvu yo kugabanuka cavity (kurekura):kugabanuka kwijwi bibaho mugihe icyuma kimaze gukomera kuva mumazi kugeza kumiterere. Niba nta byuma bihagije byuzuzwa muri iki gihe, byanze bikunze imyenge yo kugabanuka izabaho. Kugabanuka kwimyanya yibyuma biterwa ahanini no kugenzura nabi uburyo bukurikirana. Impamvu zishobora kubamo imiterere ya riser itari yo, ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo gusuka bwicyuma gishongeshejwe, hamwe no kugabanuka kwicyuma kinini.
Uburyo bwo gukumira imyenge igabanuka (ubunebwe):Shushanya ubuhanga sisitemu yo gusuka ya casting kugirango ugere ku buryo bukurikiranye ibyuma bishongeshejwe, kandi ibice bikomera mbere bigomba kuzuzwa nicyuma gishongeshejwe. Gushiraho neza kandi mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro riser, inkunga, icyuma gikonje imbere n’inyuma kugirango habeho gukomera. HenIyo ibyuma bishongeshejwe bisutswe, inshinge zo hejuru hejuru ya riser ni ingirakamaro kugirango ubushyuhe bwibyuma bishongeshejwe kandi bigaburwe, kandi bigabanye kugaragara kwimyanya mito. ④ Kubijyanye no gusuka umuvuduko, gusuka umuvuduko muke birafasha cyane gukomera kuruta gusuka byihuse. TemperatureUbushyuhe bwo gusuka ntibugomba kuba hejuru cyane. Ibyuma bishongeshejwe bivanwa mu itanura ku bushyuhe bwinshi hanyuma bigasukwa nyuma yo kwikinisha, bikaba byiza kugabanya imyenge igabanuka.
(3) Kwinjiza umucanga (slag):Kwinjiza umucanga (slag), bizwi cyane nka bliste, ni umuzenguruko udahagarara cyangwa umwobo udasanzwe ugaragara imbere muri casting. Ibyobo bivangwa n'umucanga cyangwa icyuma kibumba, hamwe n'ubunini budasanzwe kandi byegeranijwe muri byo. Ahantu hamwe cyangwa henshi, akenshi birenze kuruhande rwo hejuru.
Impamvu zumucanga (slag) zirimo:Kwinjizamo ibishishwa biterwa nicyuma cyihariye cyinjira muri casting hamwe nicyuma gishongeshejwe mugihe cyo gushonga cyangwa gusuka. Kwinjiza umucanga biterwa no gukomera kudahagije k'urwungano ngogozi. Iyo ibyuma bishongeshejwe bisutswe mu cyuho kibumba, umucanga ubumba wogejwe nicyuma gishongeshejwe hanyuma winjira imbere muri casting. Byongeye kandi, imikorere idakwiye mugihe cyo gutema no gufunga agasanduku, hamwe nibintu byumucanga bigwa nabyo nimpamvu zo gushyiramo umucanga.
Uburyo bwo gukumira umucanga (slag):① Iyo ibyuma bishongeshejwe bishongeshejwe, umuyaga na slag bigomba kunanirwa neza bishoboka. ② Gerageza kudahindura umufuka w'icyuma ushonga hejuru, ariko ukoreshe igikapu cy'icyayi cyangwa igikapu cyo hasi gisuka kugirango wirinde icyuma kiri hejuru yicyuma gishongeshejwe kitinjira mu cyuho cyo guteramo hamwe nicyuma gishongeshejwe. ③ Iyo usuka ibyuma bishongeshejwe, hagomba gufatwa ingamba zo kwirinda ko icyapa cyinjira mu cyuho kibumbwe hamwe nicyuma gishongeshejwe. Order Kugirango ugabanye amahirwe yo kwinjizwamo umucanga, menya neza ubukana bwumucanga mugihe cyo kwerekana imiterere, witondere kudatakaza umucanga mugihe cyo gutema, hanyuma uhuhure umwobo wububiko mbere yo gufunga agasanduku.
(4) Ibice:Ibyinshi mu bice bya casting ni ibice bishyushye, bifite imiterere idasanzwe, byinjira cyangwa bitinjira, bikomeza cyangwa bigenda bisimburana, kandi icyuma kiri kumurongo cyijimye cyangwa gifite okiside yo hejuru.
impamvu zo gucika, aribyo guhangayikishwa cyane nubushyuhe bwa firime.
Guhangayikishwa n'ubushyuhe bwinshi ni imihangayiko iterwa no kugabanuka no guhindura ibyuma bishongeshejwe ku bushyuhe bwinshi. Iyo imihangayiko irenze imbaraga cyangwa igipimo cyo guhindura ibyuma bya plastike kuri ubu bushyuhe, hazabaho gucika. Amazi ya firime yamazi nugukora firime yamazi hagati yintete za kirisiti mugihe cyo gukomera no gutondekanya ibyuma byashongeshejwe. Hamwe niterambere ryo gukomera no gutegera, firime yamazi irahinduka. Iyo ingano yo guhindura no kwihuta kurenza urugero runaka, havuka ibice. Ubushyuhe buringaniye bwumuriro ni 1200 ~ 1450 ℃.
Ibintu bigira ingaruka:
Ements Ibintu bya S na P mubyuma nibintu byangiza kumeneka, kandi eutectique yabyo hamwe nicyuma bigabanya imbaraga na plastike yicyuma gishyuha mubushyuhe bwinshi, bikaviramo gucika.
Kwinjiza no gutandukanya ibyuma byongera imbaraga zo guhangayika, bityo bikongera ubushyuhe bukabije.
Greater Nuburyo bunini bwo kugabanya umurongo wo kugabanya ubwoko bwibyuma, niko bigenda byangirika.
④ Ubwinshi bwumuriro wubwoko bwibyuma, niko hejuru yubushyuhe bwo hejuru, niko imiterere yubushyuhe bwo hejuru yubushyuhe bwo hejuru, kandi nubushake buke bwo gucika.
Design Imiterere yuburyo bwa casting ni mbi mubikorwa, nkibice bito cyane bizengurutse inguni, ubunini bwurukuta runini, hamwe nuburemere bukabije, bizatera gucika.
CompUbusobekerane bwumucanga ni mwinshi cyane, kandi umusaruro muke wibanze ubangamira kugabanuka kwa casting kandi byongera imyumvire yo guturika.
TherIbindi, nka gahunda idakwiye ya riser, gukonjesha vuba kwa casting, guhangayika cyane guterwa no kugabanya riser no kuvura ubushyuhe, nibindi nabyo bizagira ingaruka kubyara ibisekuru.
Ukurikije ibitera nimpamvu ziterwa nibi bice byavuzwe haruguru, harashobora gufatwa ingamba zijyanye no kugabanya no kwirinda ko habaho inenge.
Dushingiye ku isesengura ryavuzwe haruguru ku mpamvu zitera inenge, kumenya ibibazo bihari no gufata ingamba zijyanye no kunoza, dushobora kubona igisubizo cy’inenge zatewe, zifasha kuzamura ireme ry’abakinnyi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-31-2023