1. Umuyoboro w'ikinyugunyugu pneumatike ni iki?
Umuyoboro w'ikinyugunyugu wa pneumatike ni kimwe cya kane cyahindutse ikoreshwa mugutunganya cyangwa gutandukanya imigezi y'amazi mu muyoboro. Igizwe na disikuru izenguruka (bakunze kwita "disiki") yashyizwe ku giti, kizunguruka imbere mu mubiri wa valve. "Pneumatic" bivuga uburyo bwo gukora, bukoresha umwuka wugarije kugirango ukore valve, ituma igenzura rya kure cyangwa ryikora.
Umuyoboro w'ikinyugunyugu wa pneumatike urashobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri by'ingenzi: pneumatic actuator na valve.
· Umubiri wikinyugunyugu: Igizwe numubiri wa valve, disiki (disiki), uruti, nintebe. Disiki izenguruka uruti kugirango ifungure kandi ifunge valve.
· Pneumatic actuator: Ikoresha umwuka wifunitse nkisoko yingufu, gutwara piston cyangwa vane kugirango ubyare umurongo cyangwa uzunguruka.
Ibyingenzi
* Agaciro k'ikinyugunyugu:
- Umubiri wa Valve: Inzu ibamo disiki kandi ihuza umuyoboro.
- Disiki (disiki): Isahani iringaniye cyangwa yazamuye gato igenzura imigendekere. Iyo ifashwe ibangikanye nicyerekezo gitemba, valve irakingura; iyo ifashwe perpendicular, irafunga.
- Uruti: Inkoni ihujwe na disiki yohereza imbaraga zo kuzunguruka ziva muri actuator.
- Ikidodo n'intebe: Menya neza ko uhagarika kandi ukirinda kumeneka.
* Umukoresha
- Pneumatic actuator: Mubisanzwe ubwoko bwa piston cyangwa diaphragm, bihindura umuvuduko wumwuka muburyo bwimashini. Irashobora kuba inshuro ebyiri (umuvuduko wumwuka wo gufungura no gufunga) cyangwa gukora kimwe (umwuka kumurongo umwe, isoko yo kugaruka).
2. Ihame ry'imikorere
Imikorere yikinyugunyugu cya pneumatike nigikorwa cyumunyururu cy "ikirere gikonje→Umukoresha→kuzenguruka kwa disiki kugirango igenzure imigendekere. "Muri make, ingufu za pneumatike (umwuka uhumeka) zihindurwamo uburyo bwo kuzenguruka kugirango bushyire disiki.
2.1. Igikorwa:
- Umwuka ucanye uturuka hanze (nka compressor cyangwa sisitemu yo kugenzura) itangwa kuri pneumatic actuator.
. Ibi bibyara umurongo muri piston cyangwa diaphragm, ihindurwamo impinduka ya dogere 90 na rack-na-pinion cyangwa Scotch-yoke.
- Muri actuator imwe ikora, umuvuduko wumwuka usunika piston kumasoko kugirango ufungure valve, kandi kurekura umwuka bituma amasoko ahita ayifunga (igishushanyo mbonera).
2.2. Igikorwa cya Valve:
- Nkuko actuator izenguruka igiti cya valve, disikuru izunguruka mumubiri wa valve.
- Gufungura Umwanya: Disiki irasa nicyerekezo cyogutemba, kugabanya kurwanya no kwemerera gutembera byuzuye mumiyoboro. - Umwanya ufunze: Disiki izunguruka dogere 90, perpendicular kumugezi, guhagarika inzira no gufunga intebe.
- Umwanya uri hagati urashobora gutembera neza, nubwo ibinyugunyugu bikwiranye na serivisi kuri off-off kuruta kugenzurwa neza kubera imiterere yabyo idafite umurongo.
2.3. Kugenzura no Gutanga ibitekerezo:
- Acuator isanzwe ihujwe na solenoid valve cyangwa posisiyo kugirango igenzurwe neza hakoreshejwe ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi.
- Rukuruzi irashobora gutanga ibitekerezo bya valve kugirango tumenye imikorere yizewe muri sisitemu zikoresha.
3. Gukina inshuro imwe no gukina kabiri
3.1 Gukora kabiri-Gukora (Nta kugaruka kw'isoko)
Acuator ifite ibyumba bibiri birwanya piston. Umwuka ucometse ugenzurwa na valve ya solenoid, igasimburana hagati yo "gufungura" no "gufunga":
Iyo umwuka uhunitse winjiye mucyumba "cyo gufungura", usunika piston, bigatuma igiti cya valve kizunguruka ku isaha (cyangwa ku isaha yo kugana ku isaha, bitewe nigishushanyo), nacyo kikazenguruka disiki kugirango ifungure umuyoboro.
Iyo umwuka ucanye winjiye mu cyumba "cyo gufunga", usunika piston mu cyerekezo gitandukanye, bigatuma igiti cya valve kizunguruka disiki ku isaha, gifunga umuyoboro. Ibiranga: Iyo umwuka wafunzwe wabuze, disiki iguma mumwanya wacyo ("gutsindwa-umutekano").
3.2 Umukinnyi umwe-ukora (hamwe no kugaruka kw'impeshyi)
Acuator ifite icyumba kimwe gusa cyo kwinjiramo, hamwe nisoko yo kugaruka kurundi ruhande:
Iyo umwuka utemba: Umwuka ucometse winjira mucyumba cyinjira, unesha imbaraga zamasoko kugirango usunike piston, bigatuma disikuru izunguruka kumwanya "ufunguye" cyangwa "ufunze";
Iyo umwuka wabuze: Imbaraga zimpeshyi zirekuwe, zigasunika piston inyuma, bigatuma disiki isubira kumwanya wateganijwe "umutekano" (mubisanzwe "ufunze", ariko ushobora no gushirwaho "gufungura").
Ibiranga: Ifite imikorere "yananiwe umutekano" kandi irakwiriye gukoreshwa mubisabwa bisaba ingamba z'umutekano, nk'ibirimo itangazamakuru ryaka, riturika, n'uburozi.
4. Ibyiza
Ibinyugunyugu bya pneumatike birakwiriye gukoreshwa byihuse, mubisanzwe bisaba kimwe cya kane gusa, bigatuma bikenerwa ninganda nko gutunganya amazi, HVAC, no gutunganya imiti.
- Igihe cyo gusubiza vuba kubera pneumatike.
- Igiciro gito kandi cyoroshe kubungabunga ugereranije nubundi amashanyarazi cyangwa hydraulic.
- Igishushanyo mbonera kandi cyoroshye.