1. Valve y'ikinyugunyugu ikoresha umwuka ni iki?
A valve y'ikinyugunyugu gihumekani valve izunguruka kimwe cya kane ikoreshwa mu kugenzura cyangwa gukuraho urujya n'uruza rw'amazi mu muyoboro. Igizwe na disiki izengurutse (ikunze kwitwa "disiki") ishyizwe ku giti, ikazenguruka imbere mu mubiri w'iyi valve. "Pneumatic" bivuga uburyo bwo gukora, bukoresha umwuka ufunze kugira ngo bukoreshe iyi valve, bugatuma habaho kugenzura kure cyangwa mu buryo bwikora.
Valve y'ikinyugunyugu ishobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri by'ingenzi: actuator y'umwuka na valve y'ikinyugunyugu.
· Umubiri w'agakingirizo k'ikinyugunyugu: Ugizwe n'umubiri w'agakingirizo, disiki (disiki), igiti, n'intebe. Agakingirizo kazenguruka uruti kugira ngo gafungure kandi gafunge agakingirizo.
· Imashini ikoresha umwuka ufunze: Ikoresha umwuka ufunze nk'isoko y'amashanyarazi, igakoresha piston cyangwa vane kugira ngo ikore ingendo zigororotse cyangwa zizunguruka.
Ibice by'ingenzi
*Valve y'ikinyugunyugu:
- Umubiri wa Valve: Inzu ishyiramo disiki kandi ihuzwa n'umuyoboro.
- Disiki (disiki): Isahani irambuye cyangwa izamutse gato igenzura amazi atembera. Iyo ifatiwe ku ruhande rw'icyerekezo cy'amazi, valve irafungura; iyo ifatiwe ku ruhande, irafunga.
- Igiti: Inkoni ihujwe na disiki yohereza imbaraga zizenguruka ziva kuri actuator.
- Gufunga n'intebe: Menya neza ko bifunze neza kandi wirinde ko amazi ava.
*Umukoresha w'ibikoresho
- Igikoresho cy'umwuka: Ubusanzwe ni piston cyangwa diaphragm, gihindura umuvuduko w'umwuka mo uburyo bwo gukora. Gishobora gukora inshuro ebyiri (umuvuduko w'umwuka haba mu gufungura no gufunga) cyangwa gukora rimwe (umwuka ugana mu cyerekezo kimwe, isoko igana mu kugaruka).
2. Ihame ry'imikorere
Imikorere ya valve y'ikinyugunyugu ikoresha umwuka ni inzira ihambiriyeho umugozi yo "gukoresha umwuka ufunze→imikorere y'icyuma gitera imbaraga→kuzenguruka kwa disiki kugira ngo hagenzurwe urujya n'uruza rw'amazi." Mu magambo make, ingufu z'umwuka (umwuka ufunze) zihinduka moteri izenguruka kugira ngo disiki ishyirwe mu mwanya wayo.
2.1. Uburyo bwo gukora ibikorwa:
- Umwuka ufunze uturutse hanze (nk'icyuma gikonjesha cyangwa sisitemu yo kugenzura) uhabwa icyuma gikoresha umwuka.
- Muri actuator ikora inshuro ebyiri, umwuka winjira mu gice kimwe kugira ngo uzunguruke igice cya valve mu buryo bw'isaha (ni ukuvuga gufungura valve), hanyuma ukinjira mu kindi gice kugira ngo uzunguruke mu buryo bunyuranyije n'isaha. Ibi bitanga umurongo ugororotse muri piston cyangwa diaphragm, igahinduka umuzunguruko wa dogere 90 hakoreshejwe rack-and-pinion cyangwa Scotch-yoke mechanism.
- Muri actuator ikora rimwe gusa, umuvuduko w'umwuka usunika piston ku isoko kugira ngo ifungure valve, kandi kurekura umwuka bituma isoko ifunga mu buryo bwikora (igishushanyo mbonera kidakora neza).
2.2. Imikorere ya Valve:
- Uko icyuma kizunguruka igice cy'umugozi, disiki izunguruka imbere mu gice cy'umubiri w'icyuma.
- Aho ifunguye: Disiki irangana n'icyerekezo cy'amazi atemba, bigabanya ubukana bw'amazi kandi bigatuma amazi yose anyura mu muyoboro. - Aho ifungiye: Disiki izunguruka dogere 90, igororotse ku mazi atemba, igafunga inzira kandi igafunga intebe.
- Aho hagati hashobora gutembera neza, nubwo valve z'ibinyugunyugu zikwiriye gukoreshwa mu gihe cyo guhagarara kurusha uko zikoreshwa neza bitewe n'imiterere yazo idahindagurika.
2.3. Kugenzura no Gutanga ibitekerezo:
- Actuator ikunze guhuzwa na valve ya solenoid cyangwa positioner kugira ngo igenzurwe neza binyuze mu bimenyetso by'amashanyarazi.
- Sensor ishobora gutanga ibitekerezo ku mwanya wa valve kugira ngo irebe ko ikora neza muri sisitemu zikora.
3. Gukina rimwe no gukora kabiri
3.1 Actuator Ikora Kabiri (Nta gusubira mu mpeshyi)
Actuator ifite ibyumba bibiri bya piston bihanganye. Umoya ufunze ugenzurwa na valve ya solenoid, isimburana hagati y'ibyumba "bifungura" n'iby' "gufunga":
Iyo umwuka ufunze winjiye mu cyumba "gifunguye", usunika piston, bigatuma igice cy'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi kizenguruka mu cyerekezo cy'isaha (cyangwa mu cyerekezo kinyuranyije n'isaha, bitewe n'imiterere), nacyo kizunguruka disiki kugira ngo umuyoboro ufunguke.
Iyo umwuka ufunze winjiye mu cyumba "gifunga", ushyira piston mu cyerekezo gitandukanye, bigatuma umugozi wa valve uzenguruka disiki mu buryo bunyuranyije n'isaha, ugafunga umuyoboro. Ibiranga: Iyo umwuka ufunze ubuze, disiki iguma mu mwanya wayo ("ntiyibagirwe").
3.2 Actuator Ikora Rimwe (hamwe n'Isubira rya Spring)
Akamashini gatanga umwuka gafite icyumba kimwe gusa cy’umwuka, gifite isoko yo kugaruka ku rundi ruhande:
Iyo umwuka urimo gutemba: Umwuka ufunze winjira mu cyumba cy’ubwinjiriro, utsinda imbaraga z’impeshyi kugira ngo usunike piston, bigatuma disiki izenguruka ikagera aho "ifunguye" cyangwa "ifunze";
Iyo umwuka ubuze: Ingufu z'impeshyi zirarekurwa, zigasunika piston inyuma, bigatuma disiki isubira aho yari yagenewe "ahantu ho kurinda" (ubusanzwe "ifunze", ariko ishobora no gutegurwa kugira ngo ibe "ifunguye").
Ibiranga: Ifite akazi ko "kutagira ingaruka mbi" kandi ikwiriye gukoreshwa mu bikorwa bisaba ingamba z'umutekano, nko mu bikoresho bishobora gushya, guturika, n'ibintu bifite uburozi.
4. Ibyiza
Utwuma tw'ibinyugunyugu dukoresha umwukazikwiriye gukoreshwa vuba, akenshi zikenera guhindurwa kimwe cya kane gusa, bigatuma zikwiriye inganda nko gutunganya amazi, HVAC, no gutunganya imiti.
- Igihe cyo gusubiza vuba bitewe n'imikorere y'umwuka.
- Gusana bihendutse kandi byoroshye ugereranije n'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi cyangwa hydraulic.
- Igishushanyo gito kandi cyoroheje.