Vali z'ibinyugunyugu zifunze nezazikoreshwa cyane mu gutanga amazi n'imiyoboro y'amazi, HVAC, gutunganya amazi, kurinda inkongi, no gukoresha imiyoboro y'inganda bitewe n'imikorere yazo myiza yo kuzifunga, koroshya imikorere, n'igiciro gito. Kugira ngo buri vali ikore neza kandi irambe igihe kirekire, igikorwa cyo kuyikora gisaba uburyo buhamye bwo kuyikora no kuyigenzura.
Intambwe ya 1: Kugura no gutegura ibikoresho fatizo
Ibikoresho fatizo bikenewe mu gukora valve z'ibinyugunyugu zifunze neza bigurwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza y'abakiriya, ibishushanyo mbonera, n'amahame ya tekiniki.
Ibikoresho by'ingenzi birimo:
* Ibikoresho by'umubiri wa valve: Ibyuma bikozwe mu cyuma gifunganye (GGG40, GGG50), WCB/LCB/LCC, icyuma gifunganye, nibindi;
* Ibikoresho bya disiki ya valve: Ibyuma bikozwe mu cyuma gishyushya, CF8, CF8M, ibyuma bitagira umugese 2205, nibindi;
* Ibikoresho by'imvange: SS410, SS420, SS431, icyuma kitagira umugese cya 17-4PH, nibindi;
* Ibikoresho by'intebe ya valve: Ibikoresho bya rubber cyangwa polymer nka EPDM, NBR, PTFE, FKM, nibindi;
* Ibikoresho by'inyongera: Ibikoresho byo gufatanya, imigozi, uduce duto, nibindi.
Ibikoresho byose bigomba kubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga ajyanye n'ibyo abakiriya bakeneye.
Intambwe ya 2: Igenzura ry'ibikoresho fatizo
Ibikoresho fatizo bikigera ku ruganda bigenzurwa byimbitse n'ishami rishinzwe kugenzura ubuziranenge kugira ngo bigenzurwe neza ko byujuje ibisabwa mu musaruro. Ibikoresho by'igenzura birimo cyane cyane:
2.1 Isesengura ry'imiterere y'ibinyabutabire;
* Isesengura rya mikorosikopi y'icyuma ryerekana ubugari bw'ibinure mu cyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa ductile:
Icyiciro | Ubusumbane
Icyiciro cya 1 | ≥90%
Icyiciro cya 2 | 80–90%
Icyiciro cya 3 | 70–80%
Icyiciro cya 4 | 60–70%
Icyiciro cya 5 | <60%
* Isesengura rya Spectrometer:
Ingano ya karuboni
Ibikubiye muri Chromium
Ibikubiye muri nikeli
Ibikubiye muri molybdenum
Ingano ya sulfure na fosifore
Menya neza ko igipimo cy'ibikoresho gihuye n'icyemezo cy'ibikoresho cyatanzwe n'umutanga serivisi.
2.2 Igenzura ry'ibipimo;
Ingano zo gucukura/gucura zidasaba ubuziranenge bukabije, kuko gutunganya umurongo ukurikiraho bisaba igenzura rikomeye kandi rikorwa mu byiciro byinshi. Ingano zigomba kugereranywa n'ibishushanyo n'amafaranga atangwa (ni ukuvuga ko ingano zigomba kuba zitari munsi y'amafaranga ntarengwa yo gukoresha mu gucukura).
* Umubiri w'agasanduku k'ingufu:
Umurambararo w'inyuma/ubugari bw'urukuta
Igipimo cy'imbonankubone (uburebure bw'imiterere)
Uburebure bw'umubiri wa vali
Ubunini bw'urukiramende rwo hejuru
Ingano y'umurambararo w'imbere w'inzira y'amazi
* Disiki ya valve:
Umurambararo wo hanze
Ubunini bwo hagati/ubunini bw'inkombe
* Urufatiro rw'agasanduku k'amashanyarazi:
Ingano
Uburebure
* Intebe ya valve:
Umurambararo wo hanze
Umurambararo w'imbere
2.3 Igenzura ry'amaso;
Igenzura ry'ingenzi: Suzuma igice cy'icyuma gifunganye na disiki kugira ngo urebe ko hari imiyoboro, imyenge, ibintu birimo slag, nibindi; genzura intebe kugira ngo urebe ko hari ibice cyangwa inenge (ibikoresho bibura).
2.4 Isuzuma ry'inyandiko zemeza ibikoresho.
Impamyabumenyi z'ibikoresho akenshi ziherekeza ibyoherejwe, zigaragaza imiterere ya shimi, imiterere ifatika, n'imibare y'ibipimo nk'imibare y'ubushyuhe.
Intambwe ya 3: Gutunganya no gukora ibice
Ibikoresho fatizo bitsinze igenzura bikomereza mu icunga rya CNC.
3.1 Gutunganya umubiri w'imvange
Itsindaumubiri w'agace k'ingufubisaba inzira zikurikira:
* Gutunganya isura ya Flange;
* Gufunga ubuso bw'icyuma gikoreshwa mu gufunga;
* Imashini itunganya umuyoboro w'umuringa;
* Imashini yo gutunganya flange hejuru;
* Gucukura, gukomanga, n'ibindi.
Ibipimo by'ingenzi byo kugenzura:
Ubushobozi bwo guhuza ibice (coaxiality)
Ubugari
Uburyo bworoshye bwo gushyiramo umwobo
Menya neza ko ingano z'inyubako zihuye n'amahame nka ISO 5211, EN 593, na API 609.
3.2 Gutunganya disiki ya valve
* Gufunga impande (uruziga rwo hanze) imashini;
* Gutunganya umwobo uhuza igiti.
Menya neza ko hagati ya disiki ya valve n'intebe ya valve hashyirwamo neza.
* Imashini zitunganya Keyway;
* Kurangiza gutunganya;
* Gusukura.
Izi ntambwe zikorwa kugira ngo hongerwe uburyo bwo kudashira no guteranya neza.
3.4 Gukora Intebe z'Amasasu
Iki ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane mu gice cy'ikinyugunyugu gifite imyanya yoroshye. Byaba ari ugukora intebe yoroshye ishobora gusimburwa, intebe ikomeye, cyangwa intebe ifite imvubura,
Intambwe ya mbere ni ukuvanga irangi hakurikijwe formula runaka kugira ngo habeho imvange y'ishingiro ry'irangi.
Ubusanzwe, ibikoresho by'ibanze nka kabutura karemano n'umukara wa karuboni byongerwaho mu rugero runaka, hamwe n'inyongera zitandukanye.
Amafilimi atandukanye agena:
Ubudahangarwa bw'ubushyuhe
Ubudahangarwa bw'inkongi
Itsinda ry'ibikoresho byo gukanda
Intambwe ya kabiri irimo gushyira imashini mu mpapuro za kabutike no kugerageza imiterere y'ibikoresho, ndetse no kumenya ubushyuhe n'igihe byiza byo gutunganya.
Mu ntambwe ya nyuma, nyuma yo kurambura ibikoresho, ibi bikorerwa:
* Gutera intebe zoroshye zishobora gusimburwa;
* Vulcanization—ku ntebe za vulcanized;
* Guhuza intebe n'icyuma bikozwe mu ibara rya "rubber"—ku ntebe zikomeye;
Ibi bitanga ingano nyayo y'intebe, ubushobozi bwo kuyifata neza, no kuyifunga neza.
Intambwe ya 4: Gupima neza ingano
Nyuma yo gukora ibikorwa byo gutunganya imashini bikurikirana,ingano nyazoby'igice bigomba gupimwa hano.
* Umubiri w'agasanduku k'amashanyarazi:
Umurambararo w'inyuma/ubugari bw'urukuta
Umurambararo w'umwobo w'urukiramende, PCD
Igipimo cy'imbonankubone (uburebure bw'imiterere)
Uburebure bw'umubiri wa vali
Ubugari bw'urukiramende rwo hejuru, umurambararo, umurambararo w'umwobo, PCD
Ingano y'umurambararo w'imbere w'inzira y'amazi
* Disiki ya Valve:
Umurambararo wo hanze
Ubugari bwo hagati
Ubunini bw'inkombe
Ubugari
* Igiti cy'umugozi:
Ingano
Uburebure
Ibipimo by'inzira y'ingenzi
Kugororoka
* Intebe ya Valve:
Umurambararo wo hanze
Umurambararo w'imbere
Intambwe ya 5: Gutunganya ubuso no gusiga irangi rirwanya ingese
Nyuma yo gukora imashini, ibice by'icyuma bikorerwa isuku ku buso.
Inzira zisanzwe zirimo:
* Guturika umucanga: Gukoresha icyuma cyihuta cyane kugira ngo ukureho ingano, ingese, amavuta, n'ibindi bihumanya;
* Guteka no gufunga (ibikoresho by'icyuma kidakoresha ifu gusa);
* Gusukura hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi (ibikoresho by'icyuma kidakoresha ifu gusa).
Ubuso bw'umubiri w'imvange bukunze kurangizwa n'ifu ya epoxy resin.
Ubunini bw'igitambaro muri rusange burenga 250 μm, byongera ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese, igihe cyo kuyikoresha, no gushariza ubwiza bwayo.
Udupira twihariye two kurwanya ingese dushobora gukoreshwa mu mazi yo mu nyanja, mu gutunganya imiti, cyangwa ahantu hangiza cyane. Intambwe ya 6: Guteranya Valve y'Ikinyugunyugu
Nyuma yo gukora no kugenzura, ibice byose byimurirwa mu iduka rya nyuma ry’ibikorwa byo guteranya.
Intambwe ya 6: Guteranya Valve y'Ikinyugunyugu
Itsindainzira yo guteranyaahanini harimo:
①. Gushyiramo intebe ya valve;
②. Gushyiramo imigozi y'imirongo y'imashini;
③. Gushyiramo disiki ya valve;
④. Guhindura aho disiki ya valve iherereye hagati;
⑤. Gushyiramo inkingi z'imigozi yo hejuru n'iyo hepfo;
⑥. Gushyiramo imigozi cyangwa uburyo bwo guhuza;
⑦. Gushyiramo umugozi, agasanduku k'ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa worm, actuator y'umwuka, cyangwa actuator y'amashanyarazi;
⑧. Guhindura imipaka y'ingendo zo gufungura no gufunga.
Mu gihe cyo guteranya, hakenewe kugenzura neza aho ibyuma bihurira n’aho bihurira kugira ngo bikore neza kandi bifunze neza.
Intambwe ya 7: Igenzura n'Igenzura ry'Ubuziranenge
Igenzura ry'ibanze rikorwa nyuma yo guteranya.
Ibintu by'ingenzi byo kugenzura birimo:
* Ubwiza bw'isura ya valve: gusiga irangi, ikirango, nibindi;
* Ingano z'ibicuruzwa: ingano z'ihuza ry'urukiramende, ingano z'urukiramende rwo hejuru;
* Inguni yo gufungura/gufunga: kugenzura niba disiki ya valve iri mu mwanya ukwiye iyo actuator ifunguye cyangwa ifunze neza;
* Umuvuduko wo gukoresha: gukoresha urufunguzo rwa torque kugira ngo urebe ko umuvuduko uri mu rugero rukwiye;
* Imiterere y'ibice bigize ihuriro.
Abakozi bashinzwe kugenzura ubuziranenge bagenzura buri kintu bakurikije amabwiriza y’igenzura kugira ngo barebe ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa mu gishushanyo.
Intambwe ya 8: Isuzuma ry'umuvuduko n'imikorere
Buriagakoresho k'ibinyugunyugu koroshyeikorerwa isuzuma rikomeye mbere yo kuva mu ruganda, ubusanzwe ikurikije amahame ya API 598 cyangwa EN 12266.
8.1 Ikizamini cy'imbaraga z'igikonoshwa
Gushyira igitutu cyihariye—ubusanzwe gitutu cyikubye inshuro 1.5 z'igitutu cy'imikorere—imbere mu gice cy'umubiri w'ingufu kugira ngo harebwe imbaraga z'umubiri n'ubuziranenge bw'imiterere yawo.
8.2 Ikizamini cyo Gufunga
Ubusanzwe ikoreshwa ku gitutu cy’akazi cyikubye inshuro 1.1 kugira ngo harebwe niba nta kintu gisohoka iyo valve iri mu mwanya ufunze.
Ibikoresho byo gupima ubusanzwe birimo:
* Amazi meza;
* Umwotsi ufunze;
* Azote (ku bijyanye n'ibikenewe byihariye).
Udupira tw’ibinyugunyugu twicaye mu buryo bworoshye muri rusange turakenewe kugira ngo twuzuze amabwiriza yo kutavamo amazi.
Ikizamini cy'ubuzima bw'uruziga n'ikizamini cy'ubushyuhe buri hejuru/buciriritse nabyo bishobora gukorwa bibaye ngombwa.
Intambwe ya 9: Gupakira no Kohereza
Nyuma yo gutsinda ibizamini, ibicuruzwa bikomeza gupakirwa burundu.
Intambwe zo gupakira mbere zirimo:
* Gusukura ibicuruzwa;
* Gushyiraho ikarita y'izina;
* Gushyiramo icyemezo cy'uko ibintu bihuye n'amategeko;
* Kubika inyandiko z'igenzura. Uburyo bwo gupakira butoranywa hashingiwe ku bisabwa mu gutwara:
* Gupfunyika uduce tw'ibiceri kugira ngo birinde ivumbi no kurinda ingaruka;
* Ibitandukanya amakarita;
* Amasanduku y'ibiti bya plywood;
*Icyitonderwa: Gupfunyika ifuro bishobora no gukoreshwa igihe bibaye ngombwa.*
Amaherezo, ishami rishinzwe kubika ibintu ritegura uburyo bwo gupakira no kohereza amakontena kugira ngo ibicuruzwa bigerwe aho umukiriya aherereye mu mutekano.
Incamake
Gukora valve z'ibinyugunyugu byoroshye bikubiyemo ibirenze guteranya ibice byoroshye; bikubiyemo ibyiciro byinshi, birimo kugenzura ibikoresho, gutunganya neza, gushushanya kawurute, gutunganya ubuso, guteranya no gukoresha, hamwe no gupima neza. Ni mu buryo bwuzuye bwo gucunga umusaruro no kugenzura ubuziranenge ari bwo bwonyine dushobora kwemeza ko valve yose y'ibinyugunyugu yoroshye ikora neza kandi neza mu gihe kirekire mu buryo butandukanye bwo gukora imiyoboro y'inganda.